| 长期水稻-冬油菜轮作模式下钾肥的适宜用量 |
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| 引用本文： | 肖克,唐静,李继福,邹家龙,朱建强.长期水稻-冬油菜轮作模式下钾肥的适宜用量[J].作物学报,2017,43(8):1226-1233. |
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| 作者姓名： | 肖克 唐静 李继福 邹家龙 朱建强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心 / 长江大学农学院，湖北荆州 434025；2 荆州市荆州区土壤肥料工作站，湖北荆州 434020 |
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| 基金项目： | 本研究由国家重点研发计划专项“粮食丰产增效科技创新”(2016YFD0300907)，湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF201613)和国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 研究长期施用钾肥对水稻-冬油菜轮作系统作物生产力、钾肥利用率和土壤供钾能力的影响,为水旱轮作区钾肥的统筹分配提供科学依据。2011—2016年在湖北省粮油主要生产区江汉平原布置中稻-冬油菜轮作定位田间试验。共设5个钾肥用量处理,分别为0 kg hm~(-2)(K0),45 kg hm~(-2)(K1),90 kg hm~(-2)(K2),135 kg hm~(-2)(K3)和180 kg hm~(-2)(K4),其中K2处理为当地测土配方推荐钾肥用量(K2O 90 kg hm~(-2))。在土壤供钾能力较高情况下,水稻和油菜年均产量分别为6.87 t hm~(-2)和2.25 t hm~(-2),经过一个轮作周期后施用钾肥具有明显的增产效果,且冬油菜季的产量和地上部吸钾量增幅最为明显,分别为16.9%和63.8%。长期施用推荐钾肥用量后,水稻和冬油菜的钾肥农学利用率年均分别为5.1kg kg–1和3.2 kg kg–1,而钾肥吸收利用率和钾肥贡献率水稻季明显低于冬油菜,这表明水稻吸收的钾素主要来自土壤,而冬油菜则需要较多的外源钾来满足自身对养分的需求。通过线性加平台肥效模型拟合得出,水稻季适宜钾肥用量为70.5~100.9 kg hm~(-2),平均96.6 kg hm~(-2),比推荐用量提高了7.3%;冬油菜季适宜钾肥用量为75.6~118.2 kg hm~(-2),平均107.0 kg hm~(-2),比推荐用量提高18.9%,且冬油菜对钾肥需求高于水稻。因此,在本试验条件下,长期施用年均推荐钾肥用量(180 kg hm~(-2))不仅影响作物产量的稳定性,还导致轮作系统钾素持续亏缺和土壤有效钾含量降低,故钾肥应优先施用于油菜季并且重视作物秸秆还田、归还秸秆钾素,以维持农田钾素平衡和生产力可持续性。
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| 关 键 词： | 水旱轮作 产量 土壤钾 钾肥适宜用量 钾肥利用率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-12-24 |
Optimum Amount of Potassium Fertilizer Applied under Continuous Rice-rapeseed Rotation |
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| XIAO Ke,TANG Jing,LI Ji-Fu,ZOU Jia-Long,ZHU Jian-Qiang.Optimum Amount of Potassium Fertilizer Applied under Continuous Rice-rapeseed Rotation[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2017,43(8):1226-1233. |
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| Authors: | XIAO Ke TANG Jing LI Ji-Fu ZOU Jia-Long ZHU Jian-Qiang |
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| Institution: | 1.Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education / College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China;2.Soil and Fertilizer Station of Jingzhou City, Jingzhou 434020, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to provide a scientific basis for K fertilization in paddy-upland rotation, effects of K fertilizer rate on crop production, K efficiency, and soil K status were studied. A long-term (2011–2016) field experiment was conducted in the Jianghan Plain, Hubei province, China. Five treatments were applied with three replications each: 0 kg hm-2 (K0), 45 kg hm-2 (K1), 90 kg hm-2 (K2), 135 kg hm-2 (K3) and 180 kg hm-2 (K4), where K2 treatment was the recommended amount of K fertilizer (90 kg ha-1). The yields of rice and rapeseed were 6.87 t ha-1 and 2.25 t ha-1 respectively, in the condition without K fertilizer and with higher soil available K content. Application of K fertilizer could significantly increase the yield after one crop rotation; the increase in rapeseed season was higher than that in the rice season, accounting for 16.9% and 63.8%, respectively. With the application of the recommended amount of K fertilizer, the agronomic K efficiency (KAE) of rice and rapeseed was 5.1 kg kg-1 and 3.2 kg kg-1, respectively; however, the K recovery efficiency (KRE) and K contribution rate (KCR) of rice were lower than those of rapeseed, which indicated that K absorbed by rice was mainly from the soil, and more external supply of K fertilizer was needed to meet the nutrient demand of rapeseed. According to the fertilizer efficiency model, the optimum annual amounts of K fertilizer (K2O) were 70.5–100.9 kg ha-1 for rice, with an average of 96.6 kg ha-1, and 75.6–118.2 kg ha-1 for rapeseed, with an average of 107.0 kg ha-1, which were 7.3% and 18.9% higher, respectively, than the recommended amount in this region. Under the soil K condition in this study, long-term application of recommended K fertilizer rate (180 kg ha-1 per year) could not only affect yield stability, but also decrease crop system K balance and soil available K content. Therefore, K fertilizer should be preferentially applied in the rapeseed season rather than the rice season and straw returning to field should also be taken into consideration to maintain the soil K balance and sustainable high-yield production in the crop rotation system. |
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| Keywords: | Paddy-upland rotation Yield Soil K Optimum recommendation of K fertilizer K fertilizer efficiency |
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