| 秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈梦云,李晓峰,程金秋,任红茹,梁健,张洪程,霍中洋.秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(12):1802-1816. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈梦云 李晓峰 程金秋 任红茹 梁健 张洪程 霍中洋 |
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| 作者单位： | 扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点，江苏扬州225009 |
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| 基金项目： | 本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200805, 2013BAD07B09), 江苏农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2016]421, BE2016351, BE2016364)和江苏农业科技攻关项目(BE2015340)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 以江苏优质食味水稻代表性品种南粳5055和南粳46为材料,在总施纯氮量为300 kg hm–2条件下,设置9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6共6种基蘖肥与穗肥比例运筹,探讨秸秆全量还田与不同氮肥运筹比例对机插优质食味水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明,与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆全量还田具有显著的增产效应,南粳5055、南粳46平均增产5.04%、4.64%;随基蘖氮肥占总施氮量比例下降,秸秆全量还田机插粳稻产量呈先增后减趋势,基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥比例为7∶3时,水稻产量最高。秸秆全量还田显著增加了稻米的蛋白质含量,降低了垩白率和垩白度,对改善稻米的外观品质和营养品质有一定作用。秸秆全量还田还有利于蒸煮食味品质的改善,显著提高稻米的崩解值和食味值,显著降低稻米的消减值。提高穗肥占总施氮量的比例可以显著改善稻米的加工和营养品质,提高整精米率,但同时增加了稻米垩白,降低了稻米外观品质,且稻米蒸煮食味品质也有所下降。
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| 关 键 词： | 秸秆全量还田 氮肥运筹 优质食味水稻 产量 稻米品质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-01-03 |
Effects of Total Straw Returning and Nitrogen Application Regime on Grain Yield and Quality in Mechanical Transplanting Japonica Rice with Good Taste Quality |
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| CHEN Meng-Yun,LI Xiao-Feng,CHENG Jin-Qiu,REN Hong-Ru,LIANG Jian,ZHANG Hong-Cheng,HUO Zhong-Yang.Effects of Total Straw Returning and Nitrogen Application Regime on Grain Yield and Quality in Mechanical Transplanting Japonica Rice with Good Taste Quality[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2017,43(12):1802-1816. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Meng-Yun LI Xiao-Feng CHENG Jin-Qiu REN Hong-Ru LIANG Jian ZHANG Hong-Cheng HUO Zhong-Yang |
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| Institution: | Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou 225009, China |
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| Abstract: | An experiment was conducted using two rice cultivars with good taste quality grown in Jiangsu, Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 46, with total pure nitrogen application of 300 kg ha-1, including six proportions of base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer to earing fertilizer at 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6, to explore the influence of total straw returning and different nitrogen applications on the yield and quality of rice. Compared with non-application of straw, the total straw returning application had a significant yield-increasing effect showing the average yield increase of 5.04% in Nanjing 5055 and in 4.64% Nanjing 46. With the decrease of proportion of base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer in total nitrogen application rate, yield of mechanical transplanting japonica rice with total straw returning showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing , and the treatment with the ratio of base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer to earing nitrogen fertilizer of 7:3 had the highest yield. The treatment with total straw returning significantly increased the protein content of rice, deceased chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree, increased the ratio of length to width of kernel, therefore improved appearance quality and nutritional quality of rice. The treatment total straw returning was also conducive to the improvement of cooking and eating quality, showing significantly improved breakdown value and taste value, and reduced setback value. Increasing the ratio of panicle fertilizer to total N significantly improved the processing and nutritional quality of rice, improved the whole milled rice rate, but at the same time increased the rice chalkiness, reduced the appearance quality, and cooking and eating quality of rice also. |
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| Keywords: | Total straw returning Nitrogen application Good taste quality rice Yield Rice Quality |
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