| 杂交大豆生殖生长期冠层生理及产量构成特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 张伟,赵婧,邱强,王曙明,张春宝,闫晓艳,赵丽梅,张鸣浩,张伟龙,樊慧梅.杂交大豆生殖生长期冠层生理及产量构成特征[J].作物学报,2013,39(12):2192-2200. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张伟 赵婧 邱强 王曙明 张春宝 闫晓艳 赵丽梅 张鸣浩 张伟龙 樊慧梅 |
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| 作者单位： | 吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所 / 大豆国家工程研究中心，吉林长春 130033 |
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| 基金项目： | 本项目由国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31101111)，国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA10A105)，吉林省自然科学基金(201115198)，吉林省科技发展计划项目(20111817)和吉林省现代农业产业技术体系(201208)资助项目。 |
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| 摘 要： | 以吉林省审定的杂交豆1号、杂交豆2号2个杂交大豆品种和同熟期常规品种吉育72和吉林30为材料，探讨生殖生长期杂交大豆高产冠层生理，分析产量构成特性，明确杂交大豆增产部分生理机制。结果表明，2010—2011年，杂交大豆比常规品种分别增产13.9%和16.7%。杂交大豆R6期以后叶片叶绿素含量，R2(始花期)~R7(成熟初期)期光合速率和R2~R4 (盛荚期)期叶面积指数均显著高于常规品种，2010年杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号最大叶面积指数分别为8.09和8.30，远高于常规大豆最大适宜叶面积指数，且生育后期叶面积指数没有陡然下降。杂交大豆品种R2~R7期生物产量均显著或极显著高于常规品种，生物产量平均积累速度和最大积累速度分别比常规品种高0.06 g d–1和0.20 g d–1，干物质积累速率加快时间和积累速率开始减缓时间分别比常规品种提前3.09 d和5.85 d，干物质积累早发优势显著。杂交大豆百粒重、主茎荚、粒重与常规大豆差异不显著，但分枝荚、粒重极显著增加。而杂交大豆R7期籽粒占生物产量比例和粒茎比与常规品种差异不显著。表明强大的冠层优势，快速的干物质积累和较高生物产量，是杂交大豆高产的生物学基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 杂交大豆 高产 冠层生理 产量构成 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-04-25 |
Canopy Physiology and Characteristics of Yield Components during Reproductive Stage in Soybean Hybrids |
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| ZHANG Wei,ZHAO Jing,QIU Qiang,WANG Shu-Ming,ZHANG Chun-Bao,YAN Xiao-Yan,ZHAO Li Mei,ZHANG Ming-Hao,ZHANG Wei-Long,FAN Hui-Mei.Canopy Physiology and Characteristics of Yield Components during Reproductive Stage in Soybean Hybrids[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(12):2192-2200. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Wei ZHAO Jing QIU Qiang WANG Shu-Ming ZHANG Chun-Bao YAN Xiao-Yan ZHAO Li Mei ZHANG Ming-Hao ZHANG Wei-Long FAN Hui-Mei |
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| Institution: | Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center of Soybean, Jilin Changchun 130033, China |
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| Abstract: | Utilization ofsoybean hybrid is an effective way to increase soybean yield. We used two soybean hybrids (HybSoy-1 and HybSoy-2) and two conventional varieties (CV) with the same maturity (Jiyu 72 and Jilin 30) as materials to explore physiological characters of canopy, traits of yield and yield components, and the physiological mechanism of increasing yield in soybean hybrid at reproductive stage. The result showed that, from 2010 to 2011, compared with CV, the yields of soybean hybrids were increased by 13.9% and 16.7%. Leaf chlorophyll contents at late growth stages, photosynthetic rates at R2 (full bloom)–R7 (beginning maturity) and leaf area indices (LAI) at R2–R4 (full pod) were all significantly higher than those of CV; the maximum LAI of HybSoy-1 and HybSoy-2 in 2010 were 8.09 and 8.30, far more than those of CV, and LAI at late growth stages were not decreased sharply. Biomasses of all varieties reached a peak at R6 stage, while those of soybean hybrids at R2–R7 were higher than those of conventional varieties with significant difference between them at P<0.05 and P<0.01; the means and maximum accumulation rates of biomasses were 0.06 g d–1 and 0.20 g d–1 more than those of conventional varieties, respectively; and the days of speeding up or slowing down dry matter accumulation rate were ahead of 3.09 days and 5.85 days than those of CV, respectively, so premature advantage of dry matter accumulation was also obvious. As for yield components, there was no significant difference between hybrids and conventional soybean varieties on 100-seed weight, grain weight and pod weight of main stem, but grain weight and pod weight of branch in soybean hybrids were significantly higher than those in conventional varieties. There was no significant difference in the ratio of grain weight to biomass and the ratio of grain weight to stem weight between soybean hybrids and conventional soybean varieties. All results showed that the yields of soybean hybrids mainly depend on the strong canopy, high speed of dry matter accumulation, and higher biomass. |
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| Keywords: | Soybean hybrids High yield Canopy physiology Yield components |
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