| 低温堆腐与秸秆深翻还田对玉米产量及土壤微生物群落的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘慧屿,何志刚,刘艳,王秀娟,董环,娄春荣.低温堆腐与秸秆深翻还田对玉米产量及土壤微生物群落的影响[J].土壤通报,2021,52(4):873-884. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘慧屿 何志刚 刘艳 王秀娟 董环 娄春荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所，辽宁 沈阳 110161 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0300700）-A07A；省重点研发计划项目（2020JH2/10200034） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探明我国东北地区玉米不同的秸秆还田方式对玉米产量和土壤微生物群落结构的影响，在典型棕壤区开展连年田间对比试验。采用常规方法测定玉米产量、土壤养分、土壤团聚体分布，采用微生物高通量测序方法测定土壤细菌多样性和丰度，并分析土壤环境因子的变化对土壤微生物群落的影响。本研究设无肥对照（CK）、秸秆不还田（FP）、秸秆深翻还田（SFP）及低温堆腐秸秆还田（SFPM）4个处理，主要结果表明:与常规施肥（FP）相比，SFP处理玉米籽粒产量在两年后有提升，SFPM处理还田当年产量有提升，土壤有机质（SOM）提升规律跟籽粒产量变化一致；SFP和SFPM处理均显著增加α-变形菌纲（Deltaproteobacteria）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）、球形杆菌纲（Thermoleophilaceae）、?-变形菌纲（Betaproteobacteria）、酸杆菌纲（Acidobacteria）、γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）的丰度，主成分分析得出环境因子土壤养分（SOM、TN、TP、TK）解释了细菌群落41.24%的变化，环境因子土壤团聚体（0 ~ 20 cm）解释了细菌群落34.15%的变化。综合比较，秸秆低温堆腐还田可以更加高效增加棕壤区玉米产量，提高土壤肥力，改善土壤微生物群落结构。
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| 关 键 词： | 秸秆还田 土壤微生物群落 土壤化学性质 土壤团聚体 高通量测序 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-19 |
Effects of Low-Temperature Compost and Deep Tillage Returning of Maize Straw on Maize Yield and Soil Microbial Community |
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| Institution: | Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China |
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| Abstract: | To investigate the effects of different straw returning methods on maize yield and soil microbial community structure in northeast China, a continuous field experiment was conducted in a typical brown earth area. Four treatments of no fertilizer (CK), regular chemical fertilizer without straw returning (FP), straw returning with deep tillage (SFP), and deep returning of straw compost under low-temperature (SFPM) were set up. Maize yield, soil nutrients and soil aggregates were determined by conventional methods, soil bacterial diversity and abundance were determined by high-throughput sequencing methods to analyze the effects of changes in soil environmental factors on soil microbial communities. Compared with the FP treatment, the maize grain yield increased after two years in the SFP treatment, and that increased in the year with the SFPM treatment. Moreover, the increasing trend of soil organic matter (SOM) was consistent with that of maize grain yield in both SFP and SFPM treatments, and in which the abundances of Deltaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Thermoleophilaceae, Betaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria were significant increased as well. The principal component analysis showed that soil nutrients (SOM, TN, TP, TK) were explained 41.24% of the variation of bacterial communities, and of which soil aggregates (0-20 cm) were explained 34.15%. Maize straw returning with low-temperature compost increased maize yield, improving soil fertility and soil microbial community structure in brown earth area. |
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