| 膜下滴灌水肥调控对玉米生长和水肥利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈东峰,罗朋,张富仓,邹海洋,郭金金,郑静,闻磊,张嘉敏.膜下滴灌水肥调控对玉米生长和水肥利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(5):161-168. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈东峰 罗朋 张富仓 邹海洋 郭金金 郑静 闻磊 张嘉敏 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室;西北农林科技大学旱区节水农业研究院;山西省水利水电科学研究院 |
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| 基金项目： | 山西省水利厅项目“汾河灌区农田面源污染的水肥优化调控技术研究”；国家“十二五”863计划课题“农田水肥联合调控技术与设备”(2011AA100504)；高等学校学科创新引智计划项目（111计划，B12007） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对汾河灌区农业生产中施肥量大,水肥利用效率低的问题,通过研究滴灌条件下不同水肥供应对春玉米生长、干物质累积、分配、转运和产量及水肥利用的影响,为合理的水肥调控措施提供参考。在山西省水利水电科学研究院节水高效示范基地进行大田滴灌试验,设置3个灌水水平,即W_1:60%ETc、W_2:80%ETc、W_3:100%ETc(ETc为作物蒸发蒸腾量); 3个施肥水平(N-P_2O_5-K_2O),即F_1:100-50-50 kg·hm~(-2)、F2:170-75-75 kg·hm~(-2)、F_3:240-100-100 kg·hm~(-2)。结果表明:除产量构成要素外,施肥单因素对其它各指标影响有统计学意义,株高、叶面积指数、干物质累积和产量均随灌水和施肥量的增加而增加,水肥交互作用对产量和灌溉水利用效率影响不显著;高水(W3)处理比低水(W1)处理籽粒分配比例高4%,高肥(F_3)处理比低肥(F1)处理籽粒分配比例高4.64%; W_3F_3处理产量最大为12 474.34 kg·hm~(-2),比W_1F_1处理增产38.36%,W_2F_2处理比W_3F_3处理减产5.2%,但节水528 m~3·hm~(-2),节肥120 kg·hm~(-2)。灌溉水利用效率随灌水量增加而降低,随施肥量增加而升高,肥料偏生产力随灌水量增加而增加,随施肥量增加而降低; W_2F_2处理产量灌溉水利用效率为5.61 kg·m~(-3),比W_3F_3处理高18.9%,产量偏肥料生产力为37.05 kg·kg~(-1),比W_3F_3处理高30.7%。综合高产、高效和节水、节肥等因素,灌水量为80%ETc,施肥量NP_2O_5-K_2O 170-75-75 kg·hm~(-2)为最优灌溉施肥模式。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 膜下滴灌 水肥调控 生长 产量 |
Effects of irrigation and fertilization regulation on maize growth, water and nutrient use of drip irrigation under plastic film |
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| CHEN Dong-feng,LUO Peng,ZHANG Fu-cang,ZOU Hai-yang,GUO Jin-jin,ZHENG Jing,WEN Lei,ZHANG Jia-min.Effects of irrigation and fertilization regulation on maize growth, water and nutrient use of drip irrigation under plastic film[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2018,36(5):161-168. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Dong-feng LUO Peng ZHANG Fu-cang ZOU Hai-yang GUO Jin-jin ZHENG Jing WEN Lei ZHANG Jia-min |
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| Abstract: | Aiming at the problem, too much fertilizer and low utilization rate of water in agricultural production of FenHe irrigation areas, the effects of water and fertilizer supply on maize growth, dry matter, yield, IWUE and PFP were assessed to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the irrigation and fertilizer regulate of maize. The field drip irrigation test was conducted in the water saving demonstration base of water conservancy and hydropower research institute in Shanxi Province. There were three irrigation levels (W1:60%ETc; W2:80%ETc; W3:100%ETc(ETc is crop evapotranspiration)) and three N-P2O5-K2O fertilizer levels (100-50-50, 170-75-75 and 240-100-100 kg·hm-2; denoted as F1, F2, F3). The results showed that besides the components of yield, the single factor of fertilization had statistically significant effects on each index. Plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and yield increased with irrigation and fertilization. Water and fertilizer interaction had no significant effect on yield and irrigation water use efficiency. The ratio of grain of high water (W3) treatment was 4% higher than that of low water (W1), and high fertilizer (F3) treatment was 4.64% higher than that of low fertilizer (F1). The yield of W3F3 treatment was 12 474.34 kg·hm-2 and was 38.36% higher than that of W1F1 treatment. W2F2 treatment was 5.2% lower than W3F3 treatment, but saved 528 m3·hm-2 water and 120 kg·hm-2 fertilizer. The utilization efficiency of irrigation water decreased with the increase of irrigation amount, increased with fertilizer application rate.The partial fertilizer productivity increased with irrigation amount, and decreased with the increase of fertilizer. Yield irrigation water use efficiency of W2F2 treatment was 5.61kg·m-3 and was 18.9% higher than W3F3 treatment. Yield partial fertilizer productivity was 37.05 kg·kg-1 and was 30.7% higher than W3F3 treatment. Considering high yield, water saving, fertilizer and high efficiency, 80%ETc irrigation amount and N-P2O5-K2O 170-75-75 kg·hm-2 fertilizer was the best irrigation and fertilization combination. |
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| Keywords: | maize drip irrigation under mulch water and fertilizer management growth yield |
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