Bird assemblages in forest fragments within Mediterranean mosaics created by wild fires |
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| Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Lluís?BrotonsEmail author Sergi?Herrando Jean-Louis?Martin |
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| Institution: | (1) Functional and Evolutionary Ecology Centre-CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex, France;(2) Biodiversity section, Forest Technology Centre of Catalonia, Pujada del Seminari s/n, 25280 Solsona, Spain;(3) Catalan Ornithological Institute, C./ Girona 168, E-5, 08037 Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The role of habitat heterogeneity as a key factor in determining species pools in habitat mosaics has been acknowledged, but we still know little on the relative importance of the different ecological processes acting within such complex landscapes. We compared species richness and distribution in forest fragments imbedded in shrub-lands to those in continuous forests or in continuous shrublands. We examined the consistency of our data with the predictions of two hypotheses: 1) the  Habitat fragmentation hypothesis which states that fragmentation has negative effects on the species from the original continuous habitat; 2) the Habitat supplementation /complementation hypothesis which stipulates that the presence of a matrix habitat around the fragments will mitigate negative effects on the species from the original habitat (supplementation) or allow the presence of species that depend on the presence of both the fragment and matrix habitats (complementation). We show that: 1) species richness in forest fragments did not differ from species richness in segments of continuous forests of equal area; 2) the bird community of forest fragments got impoverished in some forest species but a higher proportion of species common in continuous forests were not affected by fragmentation; 3) fragment communities had a significant proportion of common species that were scarce in, or absent from both continuous forests and shrublands. While, a few forest species supported predictions from the fragmentation hypothesis, occurrence patterns observed in several other species were consistent with either the supplementation or the complementation hypotheses. Our results suggest that there is no single hypothesis that properly captures the consequences of a shift from continuous forests to a mosaic of forest fragments and shrublands and that different ecological mechanisms act in conjunction to determine species pools in habitat mosaics. Habitat heterogeneity at a local scale appears a key factor in maintaining bird diversity in fire driven Mediterranean landscapes. |
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| Keywords: | Catalonia Forest avifauna Fragmentation Habitat mosaics Mediterranean Resource supplementation and complementation Spain |
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