Stream water and soil solution responses to 5 years of nitrogen and sulfur additions at the Fernow Experimental Forest,West Virginia |
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| Institution: | 1. Central New Mexico Community College, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, United States;3. School of Agriculture, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, United States |
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| Abstract: | To examine the effects of elevated N and S inputs on a central hardwood forest, a whole-watershed acidification experiment was initiated in 1989 on the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. Annual experimental additions of 40 kg S ha−1 year−1 and 35 kg N ha−1 year−1 as ammonium sulfate fertilizer were applied to a 34 ha watershed with a 25-year-old stand of central Appalachian hardwoods. An adjacent watershed served as the control. After 5 years of treatment (total additions of 275 kg S ha−1 and 220 kg N ha−1), stream water NO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+ concentrations and export increased. Soil solution concentrations provide evidence that the treatment watershed is nitrogen-saturated, which was unexpected for such a young stand. No statistically significant changes in annual SO42− export were observed, but peak stream water concentrations of SO42− did increase during the treatment period. Changes in soil solution chemistry suggest that the treated watershed also may be approaching SO42− saturation. |
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