| 滴灌栽培杨树人工林细根空间分布特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 秘洪雷,兰再平,孙尚伟,傅建平,彭晶晶,马鑫.滴灌栽培杨树人工林细根空间分布特征[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(6):946-953. |
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| 作者姓名： | 秘洪雷 兰再平 孙尚伟 傅建平 彭晶晶 马鑫 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国林业科学研究院世界银行项目办公室, 北京 100091,中国林业科学研究院世界银行项目办公室, 北京 100091,中国林业科学研究院世界银行项目办公室, 北京 100091,大兴区林场, 北京 102602,中国林业科学研究院世界银行项目办公室, 北京 100091,1. 中国林业科学研究院世界银行项目办公室, 北京 100091 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划课题"欧美杨工业资源材高效培育技术研究"（2016YFD0600401） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]为探究滴灌条件下杨树人工林细根的空间分布特征,对大兴区林场滴灌栽培的5年生欧美107杨的细根分布进行研究。方法]采用根钻法分别在株间、对角和行间方向距树干0.2、0.5、1.0、1.5 m处取样,取样深度为60 cm,每10 cm为1个土层。结果]滴灌条件下,在不同方向的不同树干距离和土层深度,杨树人工林的细根生物量和根长表现出相似的分布特征,其分布受树干距离、土层及其交互作用的影响显著(P0.05)。滴灌条件下,株间方向的细根总长为12.7 cm,分别是对角和行间方向细根长的1.82倍和2.32倍,上述3个方向取样位点细根总长为25.2 cm,其中的86.4%在滴灌形成的湿润带范围内;0 40 cm土层的细根长占0 60 cm土层细根总长的84.5%。各方向的细根水平分布特征不同,株间方向细根长在距树干0.5 m处最大,为4.2 cm,占该方向细根总长的33.1%,且与其他树干距离处差异显著(P0.05);对角和行间方向细根长在距树干0.2 m处最大,分别为2.7、2.3 cm,占各自方向细根总长的38.1%和41.8%。各方向的细根垂直分布特征不同,株间方向细根长在0 10 cm土层最大,为3.7 cm,占该方向细根总长的29.1%,且与其他土层差异显著(P0.05);对角和行间方向细根长均在10 20 cm土层最大,分别为2.0、1.7 cm,占各自方向细根总长的27.9%和31.0%,与其他土层细根长差异显著(P0.05)。结论]滴灌条件下,杨树人工林细根的空间分布特征可以采用细根生物量或细根长任一指标来表述。滴灌后形成的连续湿润带导致土壤水分条件的差异使细根在不同方向的水平分布和垂直分布特征不同,细根分布表现为株间对角行间,细根主要分布在湿润带范围内且在0 40 cm土层相对集中分布。依据滴灌栽培杨树人工林细根的水平和垂直分布规律,每次滴灌后应保证水分侧渗到距离树干至少50 cm的范围,下渗的深度至少达到40 cm深,以满足杨树人工林正常生长对水分的需求。本研究结果和结论为确定精准的单次有效灌溉量提供理论依据,从而实现既节水又确保林木正常生长的双重目标。
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| 关 键 词： | 地面滴灌 杨树人工林 细根 空间分布 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/2/22 0:00:00 |
Spatial Distribution of Fine Root in the Poplar Plantation under Drip Irrigation |
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| BI Hong-lei,LAN Zai-ping,SUN Shang-wei,FU Jian-ping,PENG Jing-jing and MA Xin.Spatial Distribution of Fine Root in the Poplar Plantation under Drip Irrigation[J].Forest Research,2017,30(6):946-953. |
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| Authors: | BI Hong-lei LAN Zai-ping SUN Shang-wei FU Jian-ping PENG Jing-jing and MA Xin |
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| Institution: | World Bank Loan Project Office, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China,World Bank Loan Project Office, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China,World Bank Loan Project Office, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China,Forest Farm of Daxing District, Beijing 102602, China,World Bank Loan Project Office, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China and 1. World Bank Loan Project Office, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective] Aiming at studying the spatial distribution of fine root under surface drip irrigation, 5-year-old 107 poplar clone (Populus×euramericana cv.''74/76) plantation cultivated with surface drip irrigation in the forest farm of Daxing district was taken as the research object. Method] By drilling sampling, the samples from different directions at different horizontal distances (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m) from the trunk were collected. The depths of soil cores were 60 cm, 10 cm each as a soil layer. Result] The distribution characteristics of fine root were analyzed under the condition of drip irrigation. Under different trunk distance and soil layer, the fine root biomass and root length showed similar distribution characteristics and its distribution was significantly affected by the trunk distance, soil layer and their interaction (P < 0.05). The total length of fine roots in the strains direction was 12.7 cm, which was 1.82 times and 2.32 times that of the diagonal direction and row direction. The total root length of the three sampling points was 25.2 cm, of which 86.4% were in the range of wetted belt formed by drip irrigation. In the soil depth of 0-60 cm, 84.5% of the total root length was in the 0-40 cm soil layer. The horizontal distribution of fine root in different directions was different. In the strains direction, the maximum root length was at the trunk distance of 0.5 m, which was 4.2 cm and showed significant difference with other trunk distances (P < 0.05). In the diagonal and row direction, the maximum root length, 0.2 m from the trunk, were 2.7 cm and 2.3 cm respectively and accounting for 38.1% and 41.8% of the total length in their respective directions. The vertical distribution of fine root in different directions was different. At different soil layers, the fine root length in the strains direction showed that the fine root length of 0-10 cm soil layer was larger than others, and accounting for 29.1% of the total length, the difference with other soil layers was significant (P < 0.05). In the diagonal and row direction, the maximum root length were at 10-20 cm soil layer, 2.0 cm and 1.7 cm respectively, and accounting for 27.9% and 31.0% of the total length in their respective directions, the differences with other soil layers were also significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion] The spatial distribution characteristics of fine root in poplar plantations under drip irrigation can be expressed by either fine root biomass or fine root length. The difference of soil moisture condition caused by continuous wet belt range after drip irrigation makes the difference of horizontal and vertical distributions of fine root in different directions, the fine root length is expressed as strains direction > diagonal direction > row direction. Fine roots are mainly distributed in the range of wet belt and relatively concentrated in the 0-40 cm soil layer. According to the horizontal and vertical distribution of fine root of poplar plantation, the water should penetrate to at least 50 cm away from the trunk after each drip irrigation, and the depth of infiltration should reach at least 40 cm to meet the water demand of normal growth of poplar plantation. The results and conclusions of this study provide a theoretical basis for determining the precise single effective irrigation amount, so as to achieve the dual goal of saving water and ensuring the normal growth of trees. |
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| Keywords: | surface drip irrigation poplar plantation fine root spatial distribution |
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