| 长期定位施肥对不同专用型小麦产量及其构成因素的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 马红勃,刘东涛,马宁,张会云,王静,贾辉辉,陈荣振,张爱君,冯国华.长期定位施肥对不同专用型小麦产量及其构成因素的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(32). |
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| 作者姓名： | 马红勃 刘东涛 马宁 张会云 王静 贾辉辉 陈荣振 张爱君 冯国华 |
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| 作者单位： | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,江苏徐州,221131;江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所，江苏徐州221131;江苏师范大学生命科学学院，江苏徐州221116 |
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| 基金项目： | 现代农业产业技术体系项目( CARS－3－2－10)；江苏省重点研发计划项目(现代农业)( BE2015312)；江苏省重点研发计划项目(现代农业)( BE2015352－5)；江苏省重点研发计划项目(现代农业)( BE2016312)；徐州市农业科技创新计划项目(KC14N0067)；江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心项目。江苏省第十三批“六大人才高峰”高层次人才培养项目(NY－156) |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]研究长期定位施肥对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响,为黄潮土地区合理施肥、优化栽培措施、提高小麦产量提供科学依据。方法]在33年定位施肥试验基础上,研究不同施肥条件下不同专用型小麦品种徐麦32和宁麦13的单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重以及产量变化。结果]有机肥、无机肥、品种以及两两互作对产量及其构成因素有显著或极显著影响。施肥对徐麦32和宁麦13的单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重以及产量的影响基本一致。施有机肥处理的单位面积穗数、穗粒数及产量显著高于不施有机肥处理(除单施有机肥处理M外)。在施有机肥基础上配施化肥能显著增加单位面积穗数、穗粒数及产量,但对千粒重影响较小,且与N、NP或者NPK肥配合施用效果相当。在不施有机肥的处理中,NPK和NP处理的单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及产量显著高于N和CK处理,长期单施N肥并不能增产,需配施P或PK肥才有效。相关性分析表明,在主处理施有机肥条件下产量及其构成因素间相关性减弱说明有机肥的长期施用弥补了无机肥施用种类不足的影响。结论]在黄潮土地区,小麦生产中应注重有机肥和无机肥的配合施用,避免肥料长期单一施用对产量造成的损失。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 长期定位施肥 产量 产量构成因素 |
Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Yield and its Components of Wheat with Different End Uses |
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| Abstract: | Objective] In order to understand the effects of long-term fertilization on yield and its components of wheat,provde scientific basis for reasonable fertilization,optimizatim of cultivation measure.and improving wheat yield in yellow fluvo-aquic soils.Method] Xumai 32and Ningmai 13 with different end uses were used to study the characteristics of wheat yield and its components based on the 33-year fertilization ex-periment.Result] The results showed that organic fertilizer,inorganic fertilizer,varieties and interactions between them had significant or very significant effect on yield and its components.In Xumai32 and Ningmai13 background,the effects on ear number per unit,grain number per ear, 1 000-grain weight and yield were consistent .Ear number per unit ,grain number per ear and yield of organic fertilizer were significantly higher than that of the corresponding inorganic fertilizer treatments,except for M treatment.The inorganic fertilizer could significantly increase Ear num-ber per unit,grain number per ear and yield on the basis of organic fertilizer ,but not for 1 000-grain weight,and the effect was equivalent to that of N,NP or NPK fertilizer.In all inorganic fertilizer treatments,ear number per unit,grain number per ear,1 000-grain weight and yield of NPK and NP treatment was significantly higher than that of N and CK treatment ,the yield could not be increased by long term application of N fertiliz-er,it needs to be cooperated with the use of P or PK fertilizer.Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between yield and its components under the main treatment of organic fertilizer was weakened ,which suggested that the long-term use of organic fertilizer made up the effect of the deficiency of inorganic fertilizer.Conclusion] It’s needed for us to use inorganic fertilizer with the use of organic fertilizer for wheat production in the yellow fluvo-aquic soils,and avoid the yield loss caused by the long-term single fertilizer application. |
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| Keywords: | Wheat Long-term fertilization Yield Yield component factors |
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