| 凡纳滨对虾白便综合征发生与环境因子、机体免疫酶活性和微生物的相关性 |
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| 引用本文： | 王印庚,于永翔,蔡欣欣,张正,王春元,廖梅杰,李彬,荣小军,朱洪洋,戴岩.凡纳滨对虾白便综合征发生与环境因子、机体免疫酶活性和微生物的相关性[J].水产学报,2024,48(1):019413-019413. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王印庚 于永翔 蔡欣欣 张正 王春元 廖梅杰 李彬 荣小军 朱洪洋 戴岩 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室, 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;连云港海洋源水产开发有限公司, 江苏 连云港 222199 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划 (2019YFD0900102)；泰山产业领军人才项目 (LJNY201802)；苏北科技专项 (SZ-LYG202028) |
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| 摘 要： | 为系统解析凡纳滨对虾白便综合征 (white feces syndrome，WFS)的发生与环境因子、微生物因子、宿主免疫力和水体微生物群落组成的关系。实验利用水体理化因子、可培养细菌、对虾机体免疫酶活性以及高通量测序等检测技术对健康与患WFS的池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾进行比较分析。结果显示，与健康组相比，患病池塘的水温、溶解氧 (DO)、pH、盐度等水质理化因子波动趋势相似，波动范围分别为26.1~29.0 °C、4.26~6.08 mg/L、8.39~8.73和40~49，患病组DO和盐度比健康组高；健康组对虾肝胰腺内可培养细菌和弧菌含量为1.19×105~7.70×105和8.8×103~1.96×104 CFU/g，弧菌占比为2%~16%，患病组对虾肝胰腺内可培养细菌和弧菌含量在3.80×105~2.51×106和2.02×105~1.49×106 CFU/g范围内，比健康组高15~113倍，弧菌占比在55%~70%。碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)、酸性磷酸酶 (ACP)、溶菌酶 (LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和酚氧化酶 (PO)活性在健康组内为1.21~5.64、9.17~15.25、3.56~7.43、4.83~6.70及3.10~4.55 U/mg，在患病组内为2.12~5.39、19.22~26.96、19.73~26.85、3.00~4.14及7.76~9.21 U/mg。比较分析表明，WFS的发生与可培养细菌含量、弧菌占比、ACP、LZM、PO的相关性较强。高通量测序分析表明，患病组水体菌群结构的Ace和Chao指数呈一定程度下降趋势，PCoA指数偏离度较高，放线菌门、变形菌门相对丰度降低，拟杆菌门、蓝藻门相对丰度显著升高；RDA关联分析表明，盐度、溶解氧、虾体细菌、虾体弧菌、水体细菌是影响患病对虾水体菌群结构组成的重要因子。相关研究结果为解析养殖生产中对虾WFS发生机制提供数据支撑，并为WFS的临床防控奠定理论基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 凡纳滨对虾 白便综合征 水质理化因子 可培养细菌 机体免疫力 菌群结构 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/7/24 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/9/5 0:00:00 |
Correlation analysis of white feces syndrome (WFS) of Litopenaeus vannamei with host immunity, environment factors and microbial community |
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| WANG Yingeng,YU Yongxiang,CAI Xinxin,ZHANG Zheng,WANG Chunyuan,LIAO Meijie,LI Bin,RONG Xiaojun,ZHU Hongyang,DAI Yan.Correlation analysis of white feces syndrome (WFS) of Litopenaeus vannamei with host immunity, environment factors and microbial community[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2024,48(1):019413-019413. |
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| Authors: | WANG Yingeng YU Yongxiang CAI Xinxin ZHANG Zheng WANG Chunyuan LIAO Meijie LI Bin RONG Xiaojun ZHU Hongyang DAI Yan |
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| Institution: | Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Sciences and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Haiyangyuan Fisheries Development Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222199, China |
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| Abstract: | Shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS) was highly infectious and causes huge economic losses in shrimp aquaculture industry worldwide. In this study, the relationship between the occurrence of WFS in pond culture Litopenaeus vannamei and environmental factors, microbial factors, host immunity and water microbial community composition were analyzed. Measures including water environment factors, culturable bacteria in shrimp hepatopancreas and water, immune activity in shrimp muscle and microbial community structure in water were detected. Compared with the healthy group, the fluctuation trend of water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, salinity and other physical and chemical factors in the diseased pond was similar, they were 26.1-29.0 °C, 4.26-6.08 mg/L, 8.39-8.73, 40-49, and DO and salinity were higher than those in the healthy group. The number of culturable bacteria and Vibrio spp. in hepatopancreas of the healthy shrimp were 1.19×105-7.70×105 CFU/g and 8.80×103-1.96×104 CFU/g, and the proportion of Vibrio spp. was 2%-16%. Furthermore, the number of culturable bacteria and Vibrio spp. in hepatopancreas of the diseased shrimp were 3.80×105-2.51×106 CFU/g and 2.02×105-1.49×106 CFU/g, the proportion of Vibrio spp. was 55%-70%, the number of Vibrio spp. was 15-113 times higher than that of healthy group. The activities of AKP, ACP, LZM, SOD and PO were 1.21-5.64, 9.17-15.25, 3.56-7.43, 4.83-6.70 and 3.10-4.55 U/mg in healthy shrimp muscles, and 2.12-5.39, 19.22-26.96, 19.73-26.85, 3.00-4.14 and 7.76-9.21 U/mg in diseased shrimp muscles. Comparative analysis showed that the occurrence of WFS was correlated with culturable bacteria, the proportion of Vibrio spp., ACP, LZM, and PO. Microbial community structure analysis showed that the Ace and Chao indices of water bacteria structure in the diseased group showed a certain degree of downward trend, and the PCoA index was high. The relative abundance of Actinomycetota and Proteobacteria decreased, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria increased significantly in diseased group. RDA analysis showed that salinity, DO, culturable bacteria in shrimp hepatopancreas and water and culturable Vibrio spp. in shrimp hepatopancreas were the main factors influencing the microbial community structure in the water. The results indicated that the occurrence of WFS is affected by pathogen, body immunity and water microbial community composition, which provides data support for further pathogenic analysis of shrimp WFS, and establishes the theoretical basis for the prevention and control of WFS. The occurrence of aquatic diseases is the result of the comprehensive action of environmental factors, pathogenic microorganisms and host autoimmune ability. Comprehensive analysis of the pathogen of WFS, host immunity and changes in the structure of bacteria in water environment from the production practice is of great significance to explore the related factors of WFS occurrence and comprehensive control. It not only deepens the thinking of studying the occurrence of WFS from multiple perspectives, but also provides valuable information for strengthening the healthy cultivation of L. vannamei. |
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| Keywords: | Litopenaeus vannamei white feces syndrome (WFS) physical and chemical factors of water culturable bacteria immune capacity microbial community structure |
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