| 宁夏梨树霜冻指标试验研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 王静,张晓煜,杨洋,张磊,李红英.宁夏梨树霜冻指标试验研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(28):122-127. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王静 张晓煜 杨洋 张磊 李红英 |
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| 作者单位： | 宁夏气象科学研究所,宁夏气象科学研究所,惠农区气象局,宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室；宁夏气象科研所,宁夏气象科研所 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（气象）科研专项“中国北方果树霜冻灾害防御关键技术研究”(GYHY201206023) |
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| 摘 要： | 霜冻是制约着梨树生产的主要农业气象灾害之一，探究梨树霜冻指标可为梨树霜冻预报、监测预警及梨树霜冻灾害风险评估和灾害防御提供参考。笔者采用人工霜箱开展模拟霜冻试验对梨树开花期及幼果期遭受霜冻的临界温度及持续时间进行研究，结果表明：-4℃是梨花器官遭受霜冻的致死温度，‘玛瑙’梨花期遇-3℃低温持续2 h 遭受轻度霜冻，持续2.5 h 遭受中度霜冻；重度受冻的临界温度及持续时间为-3℃持续3 h 及以上、-3.5℃持续时间大于等于0.5 h 或-4℃及以下。‘甘泉’和‘新高’的耐冻性差于‘玛瑙’。对于幼果，3 个品种的耐冻性差异不大，-2℃持续2~3 h 或-2.5℃持续1 h 幼果出现轻度受冻；-2.5℃持续2~3 h，-3℃持续1 h 为中度受冻，-2.5~-2℃持续4 h、-3℃持续1 h 以上为重度受冻。未达到致死温度时，随着持续时间延长，受冻程度增加，幼果直径越小，受冻越严重。
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| 关 键 词： | 器官再生 器官再生 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/4/17 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2014/4/17 0:00:00 |
Experimental Study on Frost Index of Pear in Ningxia Province |
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| Institution: | Wang Jing,Zhang Xiaoyu,Yang Yang,Zhang Lei,Li Hongying,Ma Guofei,Duan Xiaofeng (1Ningxia Key Lab for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Yinchuan 750002; 2Ningxia Meteorological Science Institute, Yinchuan 750002; 3Meteorological Bureau of Huinong, Shizuishan Ningxia 753600) |
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| Abstract: | Frost is one of the main agricultural meteorological disasters restricting the production of the pear.The study on frost index of pear could provide effective reference for frost forecast, monitoring, early-warning,frost risk assessment as well as disaster prevention. Here, we conducted simulated frost experiment of the critical temperature and time of frost suffering duration in full blossom and young fruits of pear using plant growth chamber. The results showed that： lethal temperature of pear floral organ was-4℃. For pear blossom,light frost would happen when temperature lasted 2 hours at-3℃, and then became medium frost when the time reached 2.5 hours; heavy frost would happen when temperature lasted above 3 hours at-3℃, or above 0.5hour at-3.5℃ or when temperature was below-4℃. The cold resistance of ‘Manao＇was better than‘Ganquan＇and‘Xingao＇. For young fruits of pear, there were the little differences between three varieties. Light frost would happen when temperature lasted 2-3 hours at-2℃ or 1 hour at-2.5℃; it could become medium frost when temperature lasted 2-3 hours at-2.5℃ or 1 hour at-3℃; heavy frost would happen when temperaturelasted 4 hours at-2.5--2℃ or above 1 hour at-3℃. In addition, before temperature reached lethal temperature, young fruits of pear would suffer more seriously when its diameter was smaller or the time of low temperature was longer. |
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| Keywords: | pear flower young fruit frost index critical temperature |
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