Concentrations of retinol, 3,4-didehydroretinol, and retinyl esters in plasma of free-ranging birds of prey |
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| Authors: | Müller K Raila J Altenkamp R Schmidt D Dietrich R Hurtienne A Wink M Krone O Brunnberg L Schweigert F J |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, Freie Universit?t Berlin, Germany;2. Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam‐Rehbrücke, Germany;3. Institute of Biology and Zoology (Section Evolutionary Biology), Freie Universit?t Berlin, Germany;4. Bird Conservation Centre of the Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU), M?ssingen, Germany;5. Berlin, Germany;6. Institute of Pharmacy & Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;7. Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany |
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| Abstract: | This study investigated vitamin A compounds in the plasma of healthy free‐ranging Central European raptors with different feeding strategies. Plasma samples of nestlings of white‐tailed sea eagle white‐tailed sea eagle (WTSE), Haliaeetus albicilla) (n = 32), osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (n = 39), northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) (n = 25), common buzzard (Buteo buteo) (n = 31), and honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus) (n = 18) and adults of WTSE (n = 10), osprey (n = 31), and northern goshawk (n = 45) were investigated with reversed‐phase‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). In WTSE, northern goshawks and common buzzards retinol were the main plasma component of vitamin A, whilst in ospreys and honey buzzards, 3,4‐didehydroretinol predominated. The median of the retinol plasma concentration in the nestlings group ranged from 0.12 to 3.80 μm and in the adult group from 0.15 to 6.13 μm . Median plasma concentrations of 3,4‐didehydroretinol in nestlings ranged from 0.06 to 3.55 μm . In adults, northern goshawks had the lowest plasma concentration of 3,4‐didehydroretinol followed by WTSE and ospreys. The plasma of all investigated species contained retinyl esters (palmitate, oleate, and stearate). The results show considerable species‐specific differences in the vitamin A plasma concentrations that might be caused by different nutrition strategies. |
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| Keywords: | birds of prey plasma retinol 3 4‐didehydroretinol retinyl esters |
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