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Ploidy manipulation and introgression breeding in Darwin hybrid tulips |
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| Authors: | Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska Songlin Xie Paul Arens Jaap M van Tuyl |
| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of General and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja Str. 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland 2. Sino-Europe Agricultural Development Centre (SEADC), Wageningen Road No. 1, Zhangzhou Merchant Development Zone, Zhangzhou, 363105, Fujian, People’s Republic of China 3. Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | Meiotic polyploidisation via crossing with 2n gamete producing genotypes and interploidy crosses are two of the main methods currently used to obtain polyploid tulips. In our study diploid 2n gamete producing F1 hybrids of Darwin hybrids (Tulipa gesneriana × Tulipa fosteriana) and triploid hybrid resulting from ‘Rhodos’ × ‘Princeps’ cross were used as pollen donor and crossed with cultivars of T. gesneriana in the following combination: 2x × 2x, 3x × 2x, 2x × 3x, and 3x × 3x. The progenies resulting from crosses at diploid level were mostly diploid, whereas a few seedlings were triploid. In 3x × 2x crosses aneuploids with chromosome constitution in between triploid and tetraploid (43–45 chromosomes) were predominant, but also one tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) and four pentaploids (2n = 5x = 60) were obtained. In 2x × 3x crosses most progenies were triploid with the exception of a few aneuploids (3x + 1 and 3x ? 1), whereas in 3x × 3x cross diploid and aneuploid genotypes were recorded with chromosome number varied from 27 to 34. These results indicate that triploid parents produced aneuploid as well as euploid (x, 2x, 3x) gametes and that success in ploidy manipulation in tulip depends to a large degree on the ploidy level of the parental genotypes used for hybridization. Genome constitution of selected population of F1 and BC1 hybrids was analyzed through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). GISH analysis of the BC1 showed a considerable amount of intergenomic recombination which is desirable for introgression breeding. |
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