| 甘蔗大型机械化收获模式对蔗地土壤物理性状和宿根蔗产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 林兆里,张华,阙友雄,吴燕晶,李诗燕,罗俊.甘蔗大型机械化收获模式对蔗地土壤物理性状和宿根蔗产量的影响[J].热带作物学报,2022,43(7):1417-1430. |
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| 作者姓名： | 林兆里 张华 阙友雄 吴燕晶 李诗燕 罗俊 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.福建农林大学国家甘蔗工程技术研究中心,福建福州 3500022.中国检验认证集团福建有限公司,福建福州 3500013.福建农林大学农业农村部福建甘蔗生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,福建福州 350002 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业产业技术体系(No.CARS-17)； |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确机械收获对蔗地土壤物理性状和宿根蔗产量的影响,以消除蔗农对大型机械收获系统对甘蔗耕层土壤严重压实的顾虑。以广西红壤坡耕地为研究对象,设置机械收获和人工收获2种处理,研究机械收获对耕层土壤物理性状和宿根蔗产量的影响。结果表明：蔗垄0~40 cm土层,土壤容重、贯入阻力、抗剪强度、田间持水量和总孔隙度等土壤物理性状在机械收获和人工收获间均无显著差异。蔗沟0~20 cm土层,机械收获后,土壤紧实度、贯入阻力和抗剪强度显著提高,总孔隙度和通气孔隙度下降。同人工收获相比,机械收获过程中,机具行走对蔗沟土壤造成压实,但对蔗垄土壤影响不显著。蔗垄土壤紧实度在垂直梯度上存在2个明显交替变化的界面,0~20 cm土层以人工收获的土壤紧实度较高,20~40 cm土层以机械收获的土壤紧实度较高。第1年宿根季和第2年宿根季人工收获处理蔗茎产量均高于机械收获处理,但差异不显著。综上所述,在固定道技术下,甘蔗机械收获对蔗垄土壤物理性状和宿根蔗产量的影响不显著。本研究为规范甘蔗机械收获操作,减少大型机械对蔗地土壤压实提供了科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 甘蔗 收获方式 土壤 物理性状 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-27 |
Effects of Large Scale Mechanized Sugarcane Harvesting Mode on Soil Physical Properties of Sugarcane Fields and Ratoon Sugarcane Yield |
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| LIN Zhaoli,ZHANG Hua,QUE Youxiong,WU Yanjing,LI Shiyan,LUO Jun.Effects of Large Scale Mechanized Sugarcane Harvesting Mode on Soil Physical Properties of Sugarcane Fields and Ratoon Sugarcane Yield[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2022,43(7):1417-1430. |
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| Authors: | LIN Zhaoli ZHANG Hua QUE Youxiong WU Yanjing LI Shiyan LUO Jun |
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| Institution: | 1. National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China2. China Certification & Inspection Group Fujian Limited Company, Fuzhou, Fuian 350001, China3. Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China |
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| Abstract: | The present study aims to clarify the effects of the mechanical harvesting on the soil physical properties of sugarcane fields and ratoon sugarcane yield and to eliminate sugarcane farmers’ concerns about whether the large-scale mechanized harvesting system wouldl cause serious compaction of the sugarcane plough layer. Regarding the red soil slope farmland in Guangxi, two treatments of mechanical harvesting and manual harvesting were set up to determine the effects of mechanical harvesting on the physical properties of plough layer and ratoon sugarcane yield. The results showed that there was no significant difference between mechanical harvesting and manual harvesting in soil bulk density, penetration resistance, shear strength, field moisture capacity and total porosity in the ridge of 0-40 cm layer. In the furrow of 0-20 cm layer, soil compaction, penetration resistance and shear strength significantly increased after mechanical harvesting, while the total porosity and aeration porosity decreased. Compared with manual harvesting, in the process of mechanical harvesting, the walking of the machine compacted the furrow soil, but had no significant impact on the plough layer of the ridge where the sugarcane grows. The soil compaction of the ridge surface had two obviously alternating layers along the vertical gradient, 0-20 cm layer was more compacted by manual harvesting, and 20-40 cm layer was more compacted by mechanical harvesting. The ratoon sugarcane yield after manual harvesting was higher than that after mechanical harvesting in the first year ratoon and the second year ratoon, but the difference was not significant. It also showed that under the permanent raised bed technology, the sugarcane mechanical harvesting has no significant effect on the soil physical properties of the ridge soil and the yield of ratoon sugarcane. The research would provide a scientific basis for standardizing sugarcane harvesting operations and reducing soil compaction of sugarcane field by large-scale machinery. |
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| Keywords: | sugarcane harvest methods soil physical properties yield |
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