| 甘蔗黑穗病的防治药剂筛选及产量评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 颜梅新,张小秋,王泽平,雷敬超,黄海荣,黄伟华,陈潇航,覃兴云,黄海,黄冬梅,李秋芳,宋修鹏.甘蔗黑穗病的防治药剂筛选及产量评价[J].热带作物学报,2022,43(7):1497-1507. |
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| 作者姓名： | 颜梅新 张小秋 王泽平 雷敬超 黄海荣 黄伟华 陈潇航 覃兴云 黄海 黄冬梅 李秋芳 宋修鹏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所/中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁 5300072.广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所,广西南宁 5300033.百色市农业科学研究所/广西壮族自治区农业科学院百色分院/国家糖料产业技术体系百色综合试验站,广西百色 5336124.来宾市金凤凰农业投资有限公司,广西来宾 546100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFD1000503)；;国家自然科学基金项目(No.31960521)； |
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| 摘 要： | 由甘蔗鞭黑粉菌引起的甘蔗黑穗病是我国甘蔗生产中危害最大的病害,给甘蔗产业造成严重的产量和经济损失。化学防治是作物病害综合防治的重要措施之一,开展甘蔗黑穗病高效、低毒、低残留防治药剂的筛选,进行田间防治试验,对甘蔗黑穗病的有效防治和提高甘蔗产量具有重要意义。为筛选适合大田防治甘蔗黑穗病的推荐化学药剂,通过测定11种杀菌剂对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌的抑菌试验,采用扫描电镜解析有效杀菌剂的抑菌机理,通过新植蔗和宿根蔗的甘蔗黑穗病大田防治试验,评价杀菌剂的防治效果和对产量、株高、茎径、公顷有效茎数、锤度、单茎重等甘蔗主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明,经室内生物活性测定,获得4种杀菌剂对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌单倍体生长、有性配合、冬孢子萌发有抑制作用,分别是42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂、75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂、250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油和325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂。扫描电镜显示,这4种杀菌剂均对甘蔗鞭黑粉菌冬孢子和单倍体孢子细胞组织造成不同程度的破坏,使甘蔗鞭黑粉菌失活。在大田新植蔗的甘蔗黑穗病防治试验中,42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂、75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂、250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油和325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂的防治效果分别为91.81%、82.84%、81.76%、70.92%,各药剂防治区产量分别比对照增产20.84%、17.13%、15.92%、13.35%。在宿根蔗的甘蔗黑穗病防治试验中,以上杀菌剂防治效果分别为89.35%、82.21%、81.51%、70.18%,其产量分别比对照增产30.15%、24.05%、20.33%、16.58%。新植蔗和宿根蔗药剂防治区的甘蔗其他农艺性状均优于对照区。这4种杀菌剂对甘蔗黑穗病均有良好的防治效果和增产作用,可作为大田防治甘蔗黑穗病的推荐杀菌剂。
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| 关 键 词： | 甘蔗 黑穗病 杀菌剂 防治 产量评价 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-13 |
Screening of Fungicides for Sugarcane Smut and Yield Evaluation |
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| YAN Meixin,ZHANG Xiaoqiu,WANG Zeping,LEI Jingchao,HUANG Hairong,HUANG Weihua,CHEN Xiaohang,QIN Xingyun,HUANG Hai,HUANG Dongmei,LI Qiufang,SONG Xiupeng.Screening of Fungicides for Sugarcane Smut and Yield Evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2022,43(7):1497-1507. |
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| Authors: | YAN Meixin ZHANG Xiaoqiu WANG Zeping LEI Jingchao HUANG Hairong HUANG Weihua CHEN Xiaohang QIN Xingyun HUANG Hai HUANG Dongmei LI Qiufang SONG Xiupeng |
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| Abstract: | Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is the most harmful disease during sugarcane growth period in China, which causes serious yield and economic losses to sugarcane industry. Chemical control is one of the important measures for the comprehensive control of the diseases. It is of great significance for the effective control of sugarcane smut and improving sugarcane yield by screening high-efficiency, low toxicity and low residue chemicals against sugarcane smut in the field. In order to recommend fungicides for the chemical control of sugarcane smut in the field, the inhibitory effect of 11 fungicides on S. scitamineum was tested by the bioactivities assay. The antifungal mechanism of effective fungicides was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The control effect of fungicides to sugarcane smut and the effects on the main agronomic characters of sugarcane including yield per hecta, plant height, stalk diameter, brix, effective stalks per hecta and stalk weight were evaluated through chemical control tests of sugarcane smut for new plant cane and ratoon cane in the field. The results showed that four fungicides were obtained by bioactivities assay to inhibit the haploid growth, sexual mating and teliospores germination of S. scitamineum, which were 42.4% pyraclostrobin·fluxapyroxad SC, 75% tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin WG, 250 g/L pyraclostrobin EC and 325 g/L difenoconazole·azoxystrobin SC. Scanning electron microscopy assay showed that the four effective fungicides destroyed cell tissues of teliospores and haploid conidia of S. scitamineum and caused inactivated sugarcane smut fungus. In the chemical control experiment of sugarcane smut for plant cane in the field, the control effects of fungicide 42.4% pyraclostrobin·fluxapyroxad SC, 75% tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin WG, 250 g/L pyraclostrobin EC and 325 g/L difenoconazole·azoxystrobin SC was 91.81%, 82.84%, 81.76% and 70.92%, respectively. The yield in chemical treatment area increased by 20.84%, 17.13%, 15.92% and 13.35%, respectively, compared with the control. In the experiment of chemical control of sugarcane smut for ratoon crop, the control effects of the above fungicides was 89.35%, 82.21%, 81.51% and 70.18%, respectively, and the yield in chemical treatment area increased by 30.15%, 24.05%, 20.33% and 16.58%, respectively, compared with the control. Other agronomic characters of sugarcane for new plant and ratoon cane in sugarcane smut chemical treatment area were better than those in the control area. The four tested fungicides had good control effect on sugarcane smut and increasing sugarcane yield. They can be used as recommended fungicides for chemical controlling sugarcane smut in the field. |
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| Keywords: | sugarcane smut fungicides control yield evaluation |
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