| 长期有机无机肥配施下玉米氮素利用率和红壤碱解氮含量的阶段性变化 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋惠洁,胡丹丹,邬磊,都江雪,胡志华,张文菊,李大明,余红英,柳开楼.长期有机无机肥配施下玉米氮素利用率和红壤碱解氮含量的阶段性变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2022,28(11):2030-2040. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋惠洁 胡丹丹 邬磊 都江雪 胡志华 张文菊 李大明 余红英 柳开楼 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.江西省红壤及种质资源研究所 / 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心 / 农业农村部酸化土改良与利用重点实验室，江西南昌 330046 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技基础资源调查专项课题(2021FY100504)，江西省双千计划项目(jxsq2020102116)，国家自然科学基金项目(41907093)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 充足的氮素供应是玉米高产的保证，研究红壤上玉米氮素吸收和土壤氮素盈余对长期不同施肥措施的响应特征，旨在为红壤地区玉米持续高产和土壤氮素科学管理提供依据。 【方法】 本研究依托江西进贤双季玉米定位试验，选择不施肥(CK)、常量化肥(NPK)、两倍量化肥(DNPK)、有机肥(OM)与常量化肥+有机肥(NPKM) 5个处理，以10年为一个试验阶段，分析了35年来玉米产量、氮肥利用率、0—20 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量以及氮素表观盈余量等的阶段性变化规律。 【结果】 施肥处理(NPKM、DNPK、OM和NPK)玉米35年平均产量较不施肥对照(CK)分别显著提高了3.36～9.07、3.31～5.64、2.46～6.72和1.91～3.70倍，氮素吸收量分别显著提高了5.20～11.93、4.33～7.02、3.66～5.90和1.80～3.64倍。在试验0～10年，各施氮处理间玉米产量无显著差异，氮素吸收量NPKM、DNPK和OM处理间无显著差异，但均显著高于NPK处理。在试验11～20年，NPKM和DNPK处理产量与氮素吸收量显著高于NPK和OM处理；在试验21～35年，NPKM处理的产量和氮素吸收量均显著高于其他处理。NPK和DNPK处理的氮肥偏生产力在0～20年期间升高，在21～35年间下降，而NPKM和OM处理的氮肥偏生产力逐渐升高，至试验31～35年时，显著高于NPK和DNPK处理。各施氮处理土壤氮素均处于盈余状态，前30年均以NPKM处理氮素盈余量最高，较DNPK与NPK处理分别显著提升了13.63%～37.48%、133.95%～208.24%，而在试验31～35年，DNPK处理氮素盈余量与NPKM处理无显著差异。0—20 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量与氮素盈余量呈显著正相关 (P<0.05)，氮素盈余量每增加 10 kg/hm2，0～10、11～20、21～30、31～35年耕层土壤碱解氮含量分别增加1.00、1.20、1.60、2.80 mg/kg。 【结论】 在试验前20年，单施化肥玉米氮素吸收量和肥料的偏生产力呈增加趋势，之后呈下降趋势。而有机无机肥配施或者单施有机肥可持续提高氮肥利用率，促进玉米增产。氮素盈余量的增加与耕层土壤碱解氮含量呈显著正相关；随施肥年限的延长，有机无机肥配施对土壤养分含量提升效果增强。
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| 关 键 词： | 红壤 双季玉米 长期施肥 有机无机肥配施 氮肥偏生产力 碱解氮 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-02-07 |
Dynamics of nitrogen use efficiency of maize and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of red soil under long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers |
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| SONG Hui-jie,HU Dan-dan,WU Lei,DU Jiang-xue,HU Zhi-hua,ZHANG Wen-ju,LI Da-ming,YU Hong-ying,LIU Kai-lou.Dynamics of nitrogen use efficiency of maize and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of red soil under long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2022,28(11):2030-2040. |
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| Authors: | SONG Hui-jie HU Dan-dan WU Lei DU Jiang-xue HU Zhi-hua ZHANG Wen-ju LI Da-ming YU Hong-ying LIU Kai-lou |
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| Institution: | 1.Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources / National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement / Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Optimum yield of maize relies on sufficient nitrogen (N) supply. Studying the change in maize N absorption and utilization and the soil N surplus caused by long-term application will provide a theoretical basis for sustainable productivity of maize and scientific management of soil nitrogen in red soil areas. 【Methods】 A double cropping maize experiment was conducted in Jinxian, Jiangxi Province, including five fertilization treatments, a control without fertilizer (CK), conventional chemical fertilizer (NPK), double amount conventional chemical fertilizer (DNPK), single organic fertilizer (OM), and conventional chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer (NPKM). The periodical changes of maize grain yield and biomass, and the N contents in plants and soils, N uptake and N use efficiency (NUE) were calculated at 10-years intervals. 【Results】 Compared with CK treatment, the average grain yield of maize across 35 years under the treatments of NPKM, DNPK, OM, and NPK was increased by 3.36–9.07, 3.31–5.64, 2.46–6.72, and 1.91–3.70 times, and the N absorption was increased by 5.20–11.93, 4.33–7.02, 3.66–5.90, and 1.80–3.64 times, respectively. During the 0–10 years, there was no significant difference in grain yield among the four treatments, and no significant difference in maize N uptake among NPKM, DNPK and OM treatments, but they were sll significantly higher than NPK. Between 11–20 years, the grain yield and N uptake under NPKM and DNPK treatments were significantly higher than NPK and OM treatments. During the 21–35 years, the yield and N absorption of NPKM treatment were significantly higher than all other treatments. The N partial productivity of NPK and DNPK treatments increased from 0 to 20 years, and then decreased from 21 to 35 years, while that of NPKM and OM treatments kept increasing, and was significantly higher than that of NPK and DNPK treatments from 31 to 35 years. The soil N exhibited surplus in all the N treatments. In the first 30 years, NPKM treatment had the highest surplus, which was 13.63%–37.48% and 133.95%–208.24% higher than those of DNPK and NPK treatments, respectively. However, during 31–35 years, there was no significant difference in N surplus between DNPK and NPKM treatment. The soil alkali hydrolyzable N was positively correlated with N surplus at 0–20 cm soil layer (P<0.05), with every 10 kg/hm2 increment in average N surplus, soil available N content increased by 1.00, 1.20, 1.60, and 2.80 mg/kg during 0–10 years, 11–20 years, 21–30 years, and 31–35 years, respectively. 【Conclusions】 In the first 20 years, applying chemical fertilizer alone increased the maize N absorption and fertilizer partial productivity, but subsequently decreased, while organic and inorganic fertilizer combination or organic fertilizer alone consistently improved the N use efficiency, promoted maize yield. Nitrogen surplus significantly increased the alkali-hydrolyzable N in the topsoil, and the improvement effect of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer was higher than other inputs. |
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