| 腐霉利和咯菌腈混用对黄瓜灰霉病菌的联合毒力及药剂残留动态 |
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| 引用本文： | 张江兆,徐重新,沈燕,高美静,卢莉娜,卢飞,刘贤金.腐霉利和咯菌腈混用对黄瓜灰霉病菌的联合毒力及药剂残留动态[J].农药学学报,2022,24(4):851-858. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张江兆 徐重新 沈燕 高美静 卢莉娜 卢飞 刘贤金 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.南京农业大学 植物保护学院，南京 210095 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金 (31772198)；江苏省林业局风险监测项目 (LYKJ[2020]13)；国家药典委员会药品标准制修订研究课题 (2021Z10). |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究腐霉利和咯菌腈混用对黄瓜灰霉病病原菌灰葡萄孢的联合毒力，进而通过减少用药量及施药后残留动态分析，提升黄瓜中这两种农药的风险防控水平。采用菌丝生长速率法，测得腐霉利和咯菌腈对灰霉病菌菌丝生长的有效抑制中浓度 (EC50) 分别为0.069 mg/L和0.103 mg/L；而将两种农药以质量比1∶1混用时，EC50值为0.016 mg/L，增效系数 (synergistic ratio，SR) 达到5.0，表现为强增效作用。腐霉利和咯菌腈单独处理3 d后的灰霉病菌菌丝经电镜扫描观察，分别表现为菌丝干瘪和胞内物质溢出；而经两种农药以质量比1∶1混合处理后，灰霉病菌同时出现了菌丝干瘪和胞内物质溢出现象，混用对菌丝的损伤符合叠加增强特征。为进一步分析腐霉利和咯菌腈混配施用后的动态残留情况，对可同时检测这两种农药残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS)方法进行了优化。所用方法下，腐霉利和咯菌腈的添加回收率分别为100%~102%和94%~96%，相对标准偏差 (RSD)为1.7%~5.3%和2.8%~3.4%，定量限 (LOQ)为0.01 mg/kg，符合残留检测要求。两种农药以质量比1∶1混配用于田间试验，施药21 d后在黄瓜上的最终残留量比单独使用腐霉利和咯菌腈分别降低了59%和86%；混配施药后腐霉利和 咯菌腈的消解半衰期分别从5.38 d和6.93 d缩短至4.39 d和4.33 d。研究表明，腐霉利和咯菌腈混用切实增强了对黄瓜灰霉病菌的联合毒力，为农药合理减量增效应用提供了依据，同时还可有效降低黄瓜中的农药残留风险。
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| 关 键 词： | 腐霉利 咯菌腈 黄瓜灰霉病 灰葡萄孢 混配 联合毒力 增效作用 残留分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-13 |
Allied t oxicity and residual dynamics of procymidone and fludioxonil on gray mold of cucumber |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China2.Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China3.Key Lab of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China |
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| Abstract: | This study explored the toxicity of the combined application of fungicide procymidone and fludioxonil on cucumber gray mold, and then analyzed their residual dynamics, which will be helpful to enhance the risk prevention and control levels of two fungicides for the cucumber and its habitat environment. The EC50 of procymidone and fludioxonil against Botrytis cinerea were determined by the mycelial growth inhibition method and were 0.069 mg/L and 0.103 mg/L, respectively. The EC50 value of the mixture of procymidone and fludioxonil at a 1﹕1 ratio against B. cinerea was 0.016 mg/L and the synergistic ratio was 5.0, indicating a strong synergistic effect. The results of scanning electron microscope showed that the mycelia of B. cinerea showed mycelia shriveled and intracellular material overflowed, respectively, when treated with procymidone and fludioxonil separately for 3 days; Whereas, the mycelia of B. cinerea showed mycelia shriveled and intracellular material overflowed at the same time when treated with the mixture of procymidone and fludioxonil at 1﹕1 ratio for 3 days. These results confirmed the duplicate effect of the two fungicides. To further analyze the dynamic of pesticide residue after using the mixture of procymidone and fludioxonil, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established, which could detect procymidone and fludioxonil concurrently. The recovery ratios of procymidone and fludioxonil were 100%-102% and 94%-96%, respectively, the RSD of procymidone and fludioxonil were 1.7%-5.3% and 2.8%-3.4%, and the LOQ was 0.01 mg/L, which met the testing requirements. The field experiment showed that the final residue was reduced by 59% and 86% when using the mixture of procymidone and fludioxonil at 1﹕1 ratio compared with using the two fungicides alone. The half-life was 5.38 d and 6.93 d respectively for procymidone and fludioxonil when used alone, and the half-life was reduced to 4.39 d and 4.33 d when the mixture of the two fungicides was used. These results suggested that the mixture of procymidone and fludioxonil has an increased toxicological effect against B. cinerea. The conclusion provided a theoretical basis for reducing fungicides and was meaningful for reducing the pesticide residue risk on cucumber. |
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