| 植物病原菌抗药性及其抗性治理策略 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘西莉,苗建强,张灿.植物病原菌抗药性及其抗性治理策略[J].农药学学报,2022,24(5):921-936. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘西莉 苗建强 张灿 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业大学 植物保护学院，北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业部公益性农业行业专项 (201303023)；国家自然科学基金重点项目 (31730075). |
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| 摘 要： | 随着现代高活性的选择性杀菌剂的研发和广泛使用，病原菌的抗药性问题日趋严重，这已成为植物病害化学保护领域最受关注的问题之一。本文阐释了抗药性相关术语的定义，概述了病原菌的抗药性现状，并从自然选择和诱导突变两种学说的角度分析了抗药性产生的原因。进一步分析了抗药性群体流行与病原菌自身特点、杀菌剂类型和作用机制等影响因子密切相关，综述了抗药性风险评估、抗药性机制、抗药性进化以及抗药性常规和分子检测方法等内容。最后，提出了抗药性治理的目标和策略，即根据抗药病原群体形成的主要影响因素，针对性地设计抗药性治理短期和长期策略，特别是需进一步加强对新药剂和新防治对象开展抗药性风险评估、制定抗药性管理策略、建立再评价机制等。综上，明确植物病原菌抗药性发生发展特点并制定科学合理的抗性治理策略，对进一步开展植物病害的科学防控具有重要的参考价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 植物病原菌 杀菌剂 抗性风险 抗性监测 抗性机制 抗性治理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-09-05 |
Fungicide resistance and the management strategies |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China2.Department of Plant Pathology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China |
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| Abstract: | With the development and widespread use of modern highly active selective fungicides, fungicide resistance in different phytopathogens is becoming increasingly serious, which is one of the most concerned issues in the field of chemical protection of plant diseases. This paper clarified the definitions of terms related to fungicide resistance, overviewed the current situation of phytopathogen resistance to fungicides, and analyzed the causes of fungicide resistance from the perspectives of natural selection and induced mutation. Then, it summarized the factors influencing the prevalence of fungicide resistance, including the characteristics of pathogens, the types and mode of action of fungicides, and other factors. The content of fungicide resistance risk assessment, fungicide resistance mechanism, fungicide resistance evolution, and methods and technologies for routine and molecular detection of fungicide resistance were also reviewed. Finally, the goals and strategies for fungicide resistance management were further proposed, that is, according to the main influencing factors of the formation of fungicide-resistant pathogen populations, short-term and long-term strategies for fungicide resistance control should be designed in a targeted manner. In particular, it is necessary to further strengthen the risk assessment of new fungicdes and new control objects, develop fungicide resistance management strategies, and establish a re-evaluation mechanism. Clarifying the characteristics of fungicide resistance in plant pathogens and developing scientific and reasonable resistance management strategy will provide important reference value for the green control of plant diseases. |
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