| 土壤微生物在枸溶性和聚合态磷肥活化利用中的作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨紫杭,张林,冯固.土壤微生物在枸溶性和聚合态磷肥活化利用中的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2022,28(4):654-663. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨紫杭 张林 冯固 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学资源与环境学院/植物–土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室/国家农业绿色发展研究院，北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200200)；北京市自然科学基金(6212020)；中国农业大学研究生自主创新研究基金项目(2020XYZC29A)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 如何实现磷肥高效利用是农业生产中亟待解决的重要问题。研究土壤微生物在磷肥形态转化与高效利用过程中的作用及机制，为理解作物–磷肥品种–土壤微生物匹配机制提供科学依据。 【方法】 盆栽试验选用褐土，速效磷为4.53 mg/kg，供试玉米品种为‘郑单958’。试验土壤首先进行高温灭菌和不灭菌处理，然后分别施用磷酸一铵 (MAP)、钙镁磷肥 (CMP) 和聚磷酸铵 (APP)，肥料施用量均为P 100 mg/kg，同时，设置不施磷肥对照(CK)。玉米收获后测定地上部干重、磷吸收量，土壤pH、速效磷含量和碱性磷酸酶活性。以施磷处理与不施磷对照的差值作为各指标的磷肥效应，以不灭菌与灭菌处理的差值作为土壤微生物的作用效果。 【结果】 土壤在灭菌条件下，肥料利用率表现为MAP>APP>CMP，三者之间存在显著差异；不灭菌条件下，MAP和APP处理的肥料利用率无显著差异，但二者均显著高于CMP处理。不灭菌土壤CMP处理的玉米植株磷吸收量和根际土壤速效磷含量较灭菌土壤分别增加了116.3%、128.0%。不灭菌土壤APP处理的肥料利用率、玉米地上部生物量、植株磷吸收量和根际土壤速效磷含量，较灭菌土壤分别增加了40.7%、34.2%、41.2%、38.2%。与不施磷肥相比，不灭菌土壤CMP处理的根际pH值的增加值显著低于灭菌土壤，不灭菌土壤APP处理的碱性磷酸酶活性增加值显著高于灭菌土壤。 【结论】 在试验磷肥用量100 mg/kg下，土壤微生物对不同磷肥的作用存在差异。土壤微生物促进了枸溶性磷肥 (CMP) 和聚合态磷肥 (APP) 的活化，水溶性磷肥 (MAP) 能够满足植物对磷素的需求，因此土壤微生物对MAP的活化未表现出显著作用。本研究为进一步针对不同磷肥研发微生物调控技术，实现土壤–磷肥匹配提供理论支持。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤微生物 磷酸一铵 钙镁磷肥 聚磷酸铵 褐土 玉米 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-09-17 |
Effects of soil microorganisms on the utilization of citrate soluble and polymerized phosphorus fertilizers |
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| YANG Zi-hang,ZHANG Lin,FENG Gu.Effects of soil microorganisms on the utilization of citrate soluble and polymerized phosphorus fertilizers[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2022,28(4):654-663. |
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| Authors: | YANG Zi-hang ZHANG Lin FENG Gu |
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| Institution: | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education/National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Increasing the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer utilization is a challenge that requires urgent attention in agricultural production. Here, we researched the role and mechanism of soil microorganisms in the morphological transformation of phosphorus fertilizer and utilization efficiency. We aimed to provide a basis for understanding the matching mechanism between crop-phosphate fertilizer types and soil microorganisms. 【Methods】 Cinnamon low-phosphorus soil (Olsen-Pi =4.53 mg/kg) was used for a pot experiment with maize (Zhengdan 958). The experimental soil was treated with high-temperature sterilization and non-sterilization. Further, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) fertilizers were applied to the soil at an equal nutrient supply of P 100 mg/kg. Also, a control (CK) without phosphorus fertilizer was set up. After maize harvest, soil pH, Olsen-Pi, alkaline phosphatase activity, dry shoot weight, phosphorus content were measured, and calculation of fertilizer rate was carried out. For each index, the difference between phosphorus fertilizer application and control was termed fertilizer effect, and the difference between unsterilized and sterilized was designated as the microorganism effect. 【Results】 The fertilizer use efficiency in sterilized conditions was MAP>APP>CMP, with a significant difference among the treatments. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the fertilizer use efficiency of MAP and APP under unsterilized conditions, and the two treatments recorded higher values than CMP. Plant phosphorus content and rhizosphere Olsen-Pi in CMP treated unsterilized soil increased by 116.3% and 128.0% , compared with the sterilized soil. Similarly, fertilizer utilization rate, aboveground dry weight, plant phosphorus content, and rhizosphere Olsen-Pi in APP treated unsterilized soil increased by 40.7%, 34.2%, 41.2% and 38.2%, compared with the sterilized soil. The rhizosphere ΔpH of unsterilized soil treated with CMP was significantly lower than in sterilized soil. In contrast, compared with CK, the increment of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in unsterilized soil treated with APP was significantly higher than that in sterilized soil. 【Conclusions】 We find that the effects of soil microorganisms on different phosphorus fertilizers varies based on the application rate (100 mg/kg) adopted in this study. Soil microorganisms promote the mobilization of citric-acid soluble phosphate fertilizer (CMP) and polymerized phosphate fertilizer (APP). Water-soluble phosphate fertilizer (MAP) can meet plants phosphorus demand. Therefore, soil microorganisms do not play a key role in mobilizing MAP. An improved understanding of soil-phosphate fertilizer matching technology provides theoretical support to develop microbial regulation techniques for phosphate fertilizer application. |
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