| 有机无机复混肥施用量对热带水稻土微生物群落和酶活性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨旭,刘海林,黄艳艳,杨红竹,贝美容,林清火.有机无机复混肥施用量对热带水稻土微生物群落和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2021,27(4):619-629. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨旭 刘海林 黄艳艳 杨红竹 贝美容 林清火 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地–海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室，海口 571101 |
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| 基金项目： | 海南省重大科技计划(ZDKJ2017002)；中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(1630022017007)；海南耕地改良关键技术研究与示范专项课题(HNGDxf2016-3) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 研究一次性施用不同量的有机无机复混肥对热带地区水稻产量及土壤微生物群落与酶活性的影响，为该区域水稻高效肥料管理提供科学依据。 【方法】 水稻田间试验连续进行了3季 (2018年早稻–晚稻，2019年早稻)。施肥设5个处理:不施肥对照 (CK)，常规化肥分3次施用 (CF)，采用一次性基施的等量、减10%和减20%氮磷钾养分投入量的有机无机复混肥处理 (OF、–10%OF和–20%OF)。2019年早稻收获后测产，同时取0—20 cm土壤样品，分析土壤理化性质和酶活性，采用Illumina高通量测序技术测定土壤细菌和真菌群落组成、多样性和结构。 【结果】 OF、–10%OF和 –20%OF处理的水稻产量没有显著差异，均与化肥处理 (CF) 相当。与CF相比，3个有机无机复合肥处理显著提高了土壤pH，对土壤全量氮磷钾没有显著影响；OF处理显著提高了土壤有机质含量；–20%OF处理显著提高了土壤碱解氮 (15.40%)、速效钾含量 (39.75%)；OF和–10%OF处理显著提高了土壤有效磷 (49.82%、46.02%) 和速效钾含量 (91.40%和30.44%)；有机无机复混肥处理对土壤酶活性没有显著影响。施用有机无机复混肥影响了真菌和细菌的多样性。其中–20%OF处理显著提高了细菌、真菌的Chao1指数和真菌的物种丰富度指数。在群落结构方面，–20%OF处理的土壤变形菌门和酸杆菌门的丰度显著高于CF处理，分别提高6.64%和8.37%，厚壁菌门丰度较CK显著降低了72.67%；–20%OF处理较CF处理显著增加土壤接合菌门丰度 (77.40%)，而–10%OF土壤真菌球囊菌门较CK处理降低了117.38%。相关性分析表明，土壤细菌多样性与土壤速效磷呈正相关，真菌多样性与土壤碱解氮呈正相关。冗余分析表明，细菌群落的主要驱动因子为酸性磷酸酶、速效钾、有效磷和碱解氮，而碱解氮、全钾、有效磷和脲酶是土壤真菌群落的主要限制因子。 【结论】 施用有机无机复混肥能显著改善南方红壤水稻土速效养分含量和pH，减少10%～20%的常规养分投入量，对水稻产量没有明显影响，但是比施用化肥明显提高了土壤中有效磷、钾含量，同时提高了土壤细菌和真菌群落的数量和多样性。
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| 关 键 词： | 有机无机复混肥 热带水稻土 土壤酶活性 细菌群落 真菌群落 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-28 |
Effects of application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers on microbial communities and enzyme activities in tropical paddy soil |
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| YANG Xu,LIU Hai-lin,HUANG Yan-yan,YANG Hong-zhu,BEI Mei-rong,LIN Qing-huo.Effects of application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers on microbial communities and enzyme activities in tropical paddy soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2021,27(4):619-629. |
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| Authors: | YANG Xu LIU Hai-lin HUANG Yan-yan YANG Hong-zhu BEI Mei-rong LIN Qing-huo |
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| Institution: | Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 We studied the effects of basal application of different rates of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (OF) on rice yield and soil microbial community and enzyme activities in paddy soils, to provide a scientific basis for its efficient application. 【Methods】 A field rice experiment was carried out for three seasons in Hainan Province. Five treatments were set up as no fertilizer (i.e., CK), conventional chemical fertilizer (CF), basal application of OF once, application of OF less 10% (–10%OF), and application of OF less 20% (–20%OF). Soil samples were collected after harvesting rice in the third season. We employed Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology to determine bacterial and fungal community composition, diversity, and structural differences. 【Results】 All the three OF treatments had similar rice yield to CF. The three OF treatments (P<0.05) increased soil pH. Compared with CF, OF treatment increased soil organic matter content, –20%OF treatment increased soil alk.-hydr. N and readily available K contents (15.40% and 39.75%), OF and –10%OF treatments increased soil available P (49.82% and 46.02%) and readily available K contents (91.40% and 30.44%). OF treatments had no significant effect on soil enzyme activity compared with CF treatment. OF treatment (P<0.05) changed the structure of the microbial community to different extents, –20%OF treatments increased chao1 index and species richess index significantly. The abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in –20%OF treatment was 6.64% and 8.37% higher than those in CF, while Firmicutes was 72.67% lower in –20%OF than in that CK. The abundance of Zygomycota in –20%OF treatment was 77.40% higher than that in CF, and the abundance of Glomeromycota in –10%OF treatment was 117.38% lower than that in CK. Correlation analysis indicated that soil bacterial diversity was positively related to soil available P. Redundancy analysis indicated that APtase activity, available K, available P, and alk.-hydr. N were the bacterial community’s main drivers, while alkali-hydrolyzable N, total K, available P and urease limited the soil fungal community. 【Conclusions】 Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is more effective on rice yield than chemical compound fertilizer. Reducing 20% of nutrient input based on OF could regulate soil available nutrient content for diverse and abundant bacterial and fungal communities. |
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