| 聚合物包膜控释肥料膜壳累积、降解及对土壤质量影响的研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 李娟,王亚静,陈月波,顾典润,林茹,杨相东.聚合物包膜控释肥料膜壳累积、降解及对土壤质量影响的研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2022,28(6):1113-1121. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李娟 王亚静 陈月波 顾典润 林茹 杨相东 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室，北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(31872177)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2020XK21)；中国农业科学院科技创新工程。 |
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| 摘 要： | 聚合物包膜控释肥料是实现化肥提质增效的新型肥料之一，其控释效果依赖于包膜材料。控释肥料养分释放后的残留膜壳是农业土地上微塑料的重要来源，膜壳及其降解产物是否对土壤质量安全造成影响尚不清楚。本文综合了国内外膜壳残留及其降解的研究进展，从聚合物包膜控释肥料残留膜壳在农田中的累积现状、降解性能研究及其对土壤物理–化学–生物学效应等土壤质量参数的影响进行了阐述，包括:1)现有文献指出，控释肥料膜壳在农田中的累积量与施用量基本相同，其在不同类型农田土壤及不同土层中的赋存、分布和累积现状不同；2)不同类型控释肥料膜壳在土壤中的降解过程主要与聚合物材质相关，降解率可通过聚合物材料改性来提高，其降解过程、产物及机制值得探索；3)控释肥料膜壳降解产物对土壤物理、化学、生物学性状及作物生长的影响程度取决于聚合物材料类型、累积量及土壤类型。短期内低浓度的膜壳累积对土壤理化性质、土壤生物及作物生长无不良影响，长期累积或高浓度下膜壳影响土壤质量变化的阈值亟需明确。据此，进一步提出，1)应广泛开展不同种类控释肥料膜壳在农田中的赋存、分布和累积的现场监测评估工作；2)开发控释肥料膜壳及其次级降解物分离提取、鉴定和定量表征的分析技术和方法，建立健全标准化方法；3)了解控释肥料膜壳及其降解产物在土壤中的去向和迁移过程及其对不同类型土壤及不同作物品种的影响，探寻膜壳残留量与效应之间的关系及其影响机制；4)研制开发天然、生物及可降解控释肥料膜材，研究膜壳降解与养分释放之间的相互关系，构建新型可生物降解控释肥料膜壳降解与养分释放关系数据模型，以期为聚合物包膜控释肥料的应用、开发及标准的制定提供科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 聚合物 控释肥料 膜壳 累积 降解 土壤质量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-23 |
Research advances on the accumulation and degradation of microcapsules derived from polymer-coated controlled-release fertilizers and their effects on soil quality |
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| LI Juan,WANG Ya-jing,CHEN Yue-bo,GU Dian-run,LIN Ru,YANG Xiang-dong.Research advances on the accumulation and degradation of microcapsules derived from polymer-coated controlled-release fertilizers and their effects on soil quality[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2022,28(6):1113-1121. |
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| Authors: | LI Juan WANG Ya-jing CHEN Yue-bo GU Dian-run LIN Ru YANG Xiang-dong |
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| Institution: | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | The controlled-release characteristics of most controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) rely on polymer-coating materials. The release of coated nutrients into soil simultaneously releases microcapsules. However, it remains unclear whether microcapsule accumulation and their degraded products adversely affect soil quality and safety. This paper reviewed the literature on microcapsules’ accumulation and degradation performance in soil and their possible effects on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. We found that: 1) The quantity of microcapsules accumulated in fields was almost equivalent to that applied to the fields, as reported in recent studies. The occurrence, distribution, and accumulation of microcapsules in different soil types and depths differ. 2) The degradation process, products, and fate of different microcapsules correlate to the texture of polymer materials, which requires further verification. Moreover, the microcapsule's degradation rate can be improved by modifying the polymer materials. 3) Microcapsule’s impact on crop growth, soil physical, chemical, and biological properties is affected by polymer materials, soil type, and application amounts. The short-term (or low concentration) accumulation of microcapsules showed no significant effects (P>0.05) on soil properties. However, there is a need to investigate the threshold value at which soil properties become vulnerable to the accumulation of microcapsules. Therefore, we propose the following recommendations: 1) Monitoring and evaluating the occurrence, distribution, and accumulation of microcapsules derived from different CRFs applied on farmlands over the long term; 2) Developing and improving the techniques and methods of sampling, visualization, and quantification procedures of microcapsules and their secondary degradation products to establish standardized methods; 3) Exploring microcapsules’ destination and migration process and their secondary degradation products in soil, and their effect on different soil types and crop varieties; 4) Verifying the relationship between the microcapsules’amounts and their effects on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and the mechanisms, and developing the natural, biological or biodegradable CRF membrane materials, and studying the relationship between membrane degradation and nutrient release, thereby building a new biodegradable CRF membrane degradation and nutrient release model. These can help provide a more comprehensive overview of the application, development, and ecological evaluation of CRFs in the future. |
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