| 干旱区滴灌玉米出苗期施用启动磷肥的增产效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘小龙,冯国瑞,张新疆,马林,邢翔,吕海丽,危常州.干旱区滴灌玉米出苗期施用启动磷肥的增产效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2022,28(10):1937-1946. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘小龙 冯国瑞 张新疆 马林 邢翔 吕海丽 危常州 |
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| 作者单位： | 石河子大学农学院农业资源与环境系，新疆石河子 832003 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201808)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 目前滴灌施肥技术下，玉米在苗期容易缺肥。研究腐植酸和柠檬酸与磷肥配合作为启动肥对玉米苗期养分吸收的影响，为提高启动磷肥的施用效果提供理论和技术支撑。 【方法】 于2020和2021年，在新疆石河子市进行滴灌玉米田间试验。试验设全生育期不施磷肥对照 (CK)；全部氮磷钾肥分8次从拔节期开始滴灌施肥 (CF)；30%氮磷钾肥做启动肥 (DSF)；30%氮磷钾结合腐植酸做启动肥 (HSF)；30%氮磷钾肥结合柠檬酸做启动肥 (CSF)，3种启动肥处理其余的70%的肥料分8次从拔节期起滴施，共5个处理。在苗期测定滴灌玉米总根长，地上部和地下部干物质累积及磷累积吸收量；在拔节期、抽雄期和成熟期测定玉米光合特性、干物质累积及磷累积吸收量；在成熟期测定玉米产量。 【结果】 连续两年数据显示，DSF、HSF和CSF处理较CF处理显著增加了苗期玉米总根长、根长密度和根重密度，不同启动磷肥处理促进苗期玉米根系生长，表现为CSF>HSF>DSF。2020年，相比CF处理，DSF、HSF和CSF处理玉米产量分别增加了4.60%、8.77%和9.82%，磷表观利用率分别提升了3.21、9.13和7.66个百分点，磷农学利用效率分别提升了28.05%、53.51%和59.91%，磷偏生产力分别提升了4.60%、8.77%和9.82%。2021年玉米产量、磷表观利用率、磷农学利用效率和磷偏生产力在不同施肥处理间与2020年变化规律相似，且不同启动磷肥表现为HSF≈CSF>DSF。 【结论】 在玉米滴灌施肥中，以全部肥料的30%在播种前施用作为苗期启动肥，较当前全部从拔节后滴灌追施有显著增产效果，在启动肥中结合腐植酸或柠檬酸，可以进一步显著提高玉米苗期根系生长和对磷肥的吸收量，进而提高玉米产量和磷肥利用效率。
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| 关 键 词： | 滴灌玉米 启动磷肥 生物活性物质 产量 磷肥利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-11 |
Effects of starter phosphate fertilizer at seedling stage on phosphorus efficiency of drip-irrigated maize and yield in an arid region |
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| LIU Xiao-long,FENG Guo-rui,ZHANG Xin-jiang,MA Lin,XING Xiang,Lü Hai-li,WEI Chang-zhou.Effects of starter phosphate fertilizer at seedling stage on phosphorus efficiency of drip-irrigated maize and yield in an arid region[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2022,28(10):1937-1946. |
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| Authors: | LIU Xiao-long FENG Guo-rui ZHANG Xin-jiang MA Lin XING Xiang Lü Hai-li WEI Chang-zhou |
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| Institution: | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Maize shows fertilizer deficiency during seedlings growth under current drip irrigation technology. This study was performed to explore the effects of adding humic acid or citric acid to starter fertilizer on maize seedlings growth, and provide a theoretical basis for increasing P fertilizer use efficiency. 【Methods】 Drip-irrigated maize field trials were conducted in Shihezi, Xinjiang in 2020 and 2021. In the experiment, ‘no phosphorus fertilizer’ was used as the control, all fertilizer top-dressed from jointing stage in 8 times (CF); 30% of NPK fertilizer was applied after maize sowing as starter fertilizer and the remained was fertigated in 8 times (DSF), humic acid or citric acid was combined applied with 30% of starter fertilizer (HSF, CSF). The total root length, dry matter and P accumulation of maize at seedling, jointing, tasseling and maturity stages, and maize yield was determined. 【Results】 The starter fertilizer treatments (DSF, HSF, CSF) significantly increased total root length, root length density and root weight density at the maize seedling stage, compared with CF, and the root enhancement effect of starter phosphate fertilizer was such that CSF>HSF>DSF in 2020 and 2021. DSF, HSF and CSF increased maize yield by 4.60%, 8.77% and 9.82%; increased the apparent utilization rate of P by 3.21%, 9.13% and 7.66 percentage points; increased agronomic use efficiency of P by 28.05%, 53.51% and 59.91%, and increased the partial factor productivity of P by 4.60%, 8.77% and 9.82%, respectively. The maize yield, apparent utilization rate of P, agronomic use efficiency of P and partial factor productivity of phosphorus revealed that HSF≈CSF>DSF treatment in 2020 and 2021. 【Conclusions】 Applying 30% of total fertilizer as starter fertilizer and topdressing the remaining exhibited significant yield increase effect. Adding humic acid or citric acid to starter fertilizer further stimulated the root growth and P uptake and accumulation of maize, improved maize yield and phosphate fertilizer use efficiency. |
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