| 不同辣椒品种镉吸收积累能力及关键期研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵首萍,叶雪珠,张棋,肖文丹,陈德,黄淼杰,胡静,高娜.不同辣椒品种镉吸收积累能力及关键期研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2021,27(4):695-705. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵首萍 叶雪珠 张棋 肖文丹 陈德 黄淼杰 胡静 高娜 |
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| 作者单位： | 农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室/农业农村部农产品信息溯源重点实验室/浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所，浙江杭州 310021 |
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| 基金项目： | 浙江省基础公益研究计划 (LGN20D01004，LGN21D010003，LGN18D010006)；国家自然科学基金项目 (41701370) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 比较不同辣椒品种植株Cd的吸收和积累动态差异，明确Cd积累关键期，为生产上规避辣椒Cd积累提供技术支持。 【方法】 以8个辣椒品种为材料进行了田间小区试验，供试土壤全镉含量为0.194 mg/kg。在辣椒苗期 (移栽当天)、壮苗期 (移栽后32 天)、结果期 (移栽后65 天)、成熟期 (移栽后111天) 采样，分析辣椒植株根、茎、叶及果实生物量、Cd含量，计算不同组织间的Cd运转系数。 【结果】 供试8个品种分为菜椒和朝天椒两类。4次采集的样品，叶部Cd含量均为菜椒 > 朝天椒，果实Cd含量在结果期菜椒高于朝天椒，成熟期朝天椒显著高于菜椒。朝天椒果实以品种艳椒425的Cd含量最低，菜椒以品种苏椒5号Cd含量最低。壮苗期为辣椒植株Cd的快速积累期，朝天椒根、茎和叶Cd含量移栽后0到32天分别增加了14.9、51.2和51.9倍，菜椒分别增加了8.9、25.6和39.9倍。结果期Cd积累变缓，移栽后65天朝天椒根、茎和叶Cd含量比移栽后32 天分别增加了0.35、0.55和–0.13倍，菜椒分别增加了0.20、0.01和–0.29倍；成熟期 (移栽后111 天) 朝天椒根、茎和叶Cd含量比结果初期 (移栽后65天) 分别增加了–0.29、0.44和–0.40倍，菜椒分别增加了–0.34、–0.14和–0.32倍。不同辣椒品种Cd在植株内的转运能力有差异，4次采样根–茎Cd转运效率菜椒 > 朝天椒，而茎–叶、叶–果和茎–果Cd转运效率则是朝天椒 > 菜椒。辣椒果实Cd积累量与壮苗期茎的Cd含量呈极显著正相关 (P < 0.01)，与茎–果、叶–果Cd转运效率显著相关 (P < 0.05)。 【结论】 壮苗期前 (移栽后0～32天) 为辣椒植株Cd的快速积累期，该时期辣椒根茎叶中的Cd含量可以增加数十倍，进入结果期Cd含量的增加速率大大降低。壮苗期辣椒茎的Cd含量与果实Cd积累量呈极显著相关。菜椒根中的Cd向茎的转运能力较强，而朝天椒茎叶中的Cd向果实中转运能力较强，因而，朝天椒果实Cd积累能力高于菜椒。
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| 关 键 词： | 朝天椒 菜椒 镉积累速率 Cd运转能力 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-09-09 |
The capacity and critical stage of Cd absorption and accumulation of different pepper cultivars |
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| ZHAO Shou-ping,YE Xue-zhu,ZHANG Qi,XIAO Wen-dan,CHEN De,HUANG Miao-jie,HU Jing,GAO Na.The capacity and critical stage of Cd absorption and accumulation of different pepper cultivars[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2021,27(4):695-705. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Shou-ping YE Xue-zhu ZHANG Qi XIAO Wen-dan CHEN De HUANG Miao-jie HU Jing GAO Na |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China/Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Understanding the Cadmium (Cd) accumulation dynamics of different pepper cultivars could help to find a way for escaping Cd contamination and achieving safe pepper production. 【Methods】 A field experiment was carried out using 8 pepper cultivars, including four chili pepper and four vegetable pepper cultivars. The total Cd content in the test soil was 0.194 mg/kg. Plant samples were collected during transplanting (0 day), seedling stage (32 days), fruiting stage (65 days) and maturity stage (111 days). The biomass and Cd content in root, stem, leaf and fruit of pepper were assessed. 【Results】 Cd content in chili pepper leaves was lower than that in vegetable pepper leaves at all the 4 sampling stages. Cd content in vegetable pepper fruit was higher at fruiting stage, while that in chili pepper fruit was higher at maturity stage. YJ425 and SJ5 cultivars had the lowest fruit Cd content among the chili and vegetable pepper cultivars, respectively. The rapidest Cd accumulation occurred during seedling stage. From 0 to 32 days after transplanting, the Cd content in roots, stems and leaves of chili pepper increased by 14.9, 51.2 and 51.9 times, and that in roots, stems and leaves of vegetable pepper increased by 8.9, 25.6 and 39.9 times. The Cd accumulation became slow during fruiting and maturity stages. From 32 to 65 days after transplantation, the Cd content in roots, stems and leaves of chili pepper increased by 0.35, 0.55 and –0.13 times, respectively, while that in roots, stems and leaves of vegetable pepper increased by 0.20, 0.01 and –0.29 times, respectively. From 65 to 111 days after transplantation, Cd content in roots, stems and leaves of chili pepper increased by –0.29, 0.44 and –0.40 times, respectively, while that in roots, stems and leaves of vegetable pepper increased by –0.34, –0.14 and –0.32 times, respectively. The Cd transfer efficiency between organs were different among pepper varieties. The chili pepper had lower root-stem Cd transfer efficiency, while vegetable pepper had lower stem-leaf, leaf and stem to fruit Cd transfer efficiency during the whole growing stages. The fruit Cd content significantly correlated with stem Cd content during the seedling stage (P < 0.01) and the Cd transfer efficiency from stem and leaf to fruit (P < 0.05). 【Conclusions】 The Cd accumulation was rapidest during seedling stage, and slowed down in fruiting and maturity stages of pepper. Fruit Cd content significantly correlated with stem Cd accumulation during seedling period, and the transfer efficiency from leaf and stem to fruit. The vegetable pepper absorbed more Cd than chili pepper, but accumulated lesser Cd in fruit and had lower transfer efficiency of Cd from stem and leaf to fruit than chili pepper. |
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