| 云南中、低供磷能力土壤玉米最佳施磷量研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李海叶,黄少欣,朱东宇,王瑞雪,汤利,郑毅,肖靖秀.云南中、低供磷能力土壤玉米最佳施磷量研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2022,28(6):1039-1046. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李海叶 黄少欣 朱东宇 王瑞雪 汤利 郑毅 肖靖秀 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.云南农业大学资源与环境学院，云南昆明 650201 |
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| 基金项目： | 云南省农业联合基础专项(2018FG001-071)；国家重点研发专项(2017YFD0200200，2017YFD0200207)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 探明不同供磷能力土壤条件下玉米对磷肥用量的反应及最佳磷肥用量，为磷肥高效利用提供依据。 【方法】 玉米田间试验于2017―2019年在云南寻甸和小哨进行，土壤Olsen-P含量分别为15和4.5 mg/kg，属于中、低供磷能力土壤。试验设施磷量P2O5 0 kg/hm2 (P0)、45 kg/hm2 (P45)、90 kg/hm2 (P90)、135 kg/hm2 (P135)和270 kg/hm2 (P270) 5个水平处理(寻甸)和P2O5 0 kg/hm2 (P0)、60 kg/hm2 (P60)、90 kg/hm2 (P90)和120 kg/hm2 (P120) 4个水平处理(小哨)，其中90 kg/hm2是当地推荐磷肥用量。分析了玉米主要生育期植株生物量、产量、磷素吸收与分配，计算了磷肥利用率。利用线性加平台模型，模拟了不同磷水平下玉米的籽粒产量与磷肥用量的关系。 【结果】 在两个试验点，施磷均显著提高了玉米产量，但是当施P2O5>90 kg/hm2时，不能进一步提高玉米籽粒产量，甚至两个最高磷处理P270 (寻甸)和P120 (小哨)的玉米产量显著低于P90处理。在供磷能力中等土壤上，P45和P90处理最有利于玉米磷素的吸收和累积，同时促进磷素向籽粒中转移，P45的磷肥利用率最高。在低供磷能力土壤上，玉米磷素吸收量随施磷量呈现抛物线趋势，即磷素吸收累积整体表现为 P90>P120>P60>P0，P90的磷肥利用率最高。利用线性加平台模型对玉米产量与施磷量的模拟达到极显著置信水平，计算的最佳施磷量在供磷能力中等和较低的土壤上，分别为65.6和93.7 kg/hm2。 【结论】 相比于当地的磷肥推荐量P2O5 90 kg/hm2，供磷能力中等的土壤条件下应减少磷肥用量至65.6 kg/hm2，在供磷能力低的土壤上磷肥用量应适当增加至93.7 kg/hm2。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 磷 产量 线性加平台模型 推荐施磷量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-13 |
Optimizing phosphate fertilization in relation to phosphorus supply capacity of soils in Yunnan maize producing areas |
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| LI Hai-ye,HUANG Shao-xin,ZHU Dong-yu,WANG Rui-xue,TANG Li,ZHENG Yi,XIAO Jing-xiu.Optimizing phosphate fertilization in relation to phosphorus supply capacity of soils in Yunnan maize producing areas[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2022,28(6):1039-1046. |
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| Authors: | LI Hai-ye HUANG Shao-xin ZHU Dong-yu WANG Rui-xue TANG Li ZHENG Yi XIAO Jing-xiu |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Resources and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 The aim of this study was to establish an optimum P application rate for maize production on the long-existing low and middle P-containing farmlands in Yunnan, in order to reduce the potential of phosphorus leaching risk to surface water environment. 【Methods】 Field experiments were conducted respectively in Xundian (middle soil Olsen-P level) and Xiaoshao (low soil Olsen-P level), Yunnan Province consecutively from 2017 to 2019. The P2O5 treatment levels were 0, 45, 90, 135, and 270 kg/hm2 in Xundian, and 0, 60, 90, and 120 kg/hm2 in Xiaoshao. Maize yield, P uptake at the main growth stages, and the allocation in grains at maturation stage were investigated. The optimal P rate was calculated using lineal-plateau model. 【Results】 Across the three years, P application significantly increased maize yield. P90 recorded the highest yield in both field sites. P270 in Xundian and P120 in Xiaoshao elicited significantly lower yield than P90. In Xundian, P45 and P90 recorded similar maize P uptake and accumulation, those were significantly higher than P135 and P270. In low Olsen-P soil of Xiaoshao, the maize P uptake improved at increasing P rates, however, the grain P accumulation was not significantly different between P90 and P120. The simulated yield under different P application rates by lineal-plateau model revealed extreme significance (P<0.001). The calculated optimum P2O5 application rates were 65.6 and 93.7 kg/hm2 for moderate and low Olsen-P soil, respectively. 【Conclusions】 Compared with the recommended P2O5 rate for maize production in Yunnan, the optimum P2O5 rate should be reduced to 65.6 kg/hm2 in moderate Olsen-P soil, and slightly increased to 93.7 kg/hm2 in low Olsen- P soil. |
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