| 土壤属性和作物生长对生物炭施用的响应和反馈研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 李毅,冯浩,梁嘉平,陈克,陈俊清,梁志杰,姚宁.土壤属性和作物生长对生物炭施用的响应和反馈研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2022,36(5):9-16. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李毅 冯浩 梁嘉平 陈克 陈俊清 梁志杰 姚宁 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所中国农业科学院农业水资源高效安全利用重点实验室, 河南 新乡, 453002;2. 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌, 712100;3. 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西 杨凌, 712100;4. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌, 712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所中国农科院农业水资源高效安全利用重点开放实验室基金项目(FIRI2020010701,FIRI2021010501);第三师图木舒克市科技计划重点领域科技攻关计划项目(S202102GG018) |
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| 摘 要： | 生物炭作为一种土壤改良剂,近年来在提升土壤质量和作物产量方面效应良好。在全面梳理生物炭施用效果方面的最新研究基础上,总结了土壤理化性质、作物生长和产量对生物炭施用的响应和反馈规律。结果表明:(1)生物炭的来源、是否酸化、施用年限及施用量决定了施用后的土壤属性及作物产量变化幅度。一般来说,施用量增加、土壤容重降低,土壤孔隙度增加、土壤水力性质及入渗性能改善,土壤温度也增加。(2)由于土壤物理性质改变,施用生物炭最终降低了土壤表层的盐分表聚。生物炭对土壤pH的调节效果取决于两者pH的差异。此外,随着生物炭施用量增加,有机质含量呈线性增加趋势,而有效氮、有效钾和有效磷呈先增加后减小的趋势。(3)适宜施用生物炭使作物长势更好、产量更高;而过高的施量既不经济、增加成本,又对作物产量提升无益,适宜生物炭施用量为10~40 t/hm2。(4)总体上,虽然土壤属性和作物生长对生物炭施用的响应和反馈因试验条件、土壤质地和作物类型、气候条件差异而表现出响应幅度不同,但大部分结果证实,土壤属性和作物生长对生物炭施用具有正面响应。今后在生物炭施用的科学认识和生产实践中需因地制宜制定施用策略。
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| 关 键 词： | 生物炭 土壤属性 产量 棉花 甜菜 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/1/21 0:00:00 |
Research Advances of Responses and Feedback of Soil Properties and Crop Growth to Biochar Application |
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| LI Yi,FENG Hao,LIANG Jiaping,CHEN Ke,CHEN Junqing,LIANG Zhijie,YAO Ning.Research Advances of Responses and Feedback of Soil Properties and Crop Growth to Biochar Application[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,36(5):9-16. |
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| Authors: | LI Yi FENG Hao LIANG Jiaping CHEN Ke CHEN Junqing LIANG Zhijie YAO Ning |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Farmland Irrigation of CAAS, Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002;2. Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100;3. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100;4. Institute of soil and water conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 |
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| Abstract: | In recent years, biochar as a soil modifier has responded well in improving soil quality and crop yield. In this paper, the responses and feedbacks of soil physical and chemical properties, crop growth and yield to biochar application were summarized based on the comprehensive and latest review of biochar application effects. The results showed that: (1) The source, acidification, application years and application amount of biochar determine the change range of soil properties and crop yield after application. Generally speaking, as the application amount increases, soil bulk density decreases, soil porosity increases, soil hydraulic properties and infiltration performance are improved, and soil temperature also increases. (2) Due to the changes of soil physical properties, the biochar application eventually reduces the soil surface salt accumulation. The effect of biochar on soil pH depends on the difference of pH between biochar and soil. In addition, with the increase of biochar application rate, organic matter content increased linearly, while available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus increase firstly and then decrease. (3) Suitable application of biochar can make crops grow better and yield higher. However, the excessive application amount is not economic, which increases the cost, and contribute less to the improvement of crop yield. The appropriate application amount of biochar are recommonded to be in the range of 10 to 40 t/hm2. (4) In general, although the response and feedback of soil properties and crop growth to biochar application vary with experimental conditions, soil texture and crop type, and climatic conditions, most of the results confirm that soil properties and crop growth have positive responses to biochar application. In future, the scientific understanding and production practice of biochar application should be formulated according to local conditions. |
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| Keywords: | biochar soil properties yield cotton sugar plant |
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