Determination of agronomic practices for the management of blight of chickpea caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascochyta rabiei</Emphasis> in Turkey: 1. Appropriate sowing date |
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| Authors: | F Dusunceli K Meyveci L Cetin M Avci D Surek S Albustan Z Mert K Akan M Karacam R N Strange |
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| Institution: | (1) The Central Research Institute for Field Crops, P.O. Box 226, Ulus, Ankara, Turkey;(2) School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK |
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| Abstract: | In order to determine the most appropriate dates for planting chickpea in central Anatolia, Turkey, six cultivars were planted
at three sites that differed in disease pressure. In two of the sites, disease pressure from Ascochyta rabiei was promoted by spreading infected chickpea debris on the soil surface at the time of planting and, at one of these, sprinkle
irrigation was applied. In the third site, where conditions were dryer, no artificial inoculum was provided. Plants from seeds
sown in early March had the most disease and in the sprinkle irrigated plots the disease severity ranged from 7.8 on the most
susceptible cv. Canitez to 3.3 on the least susceptible Gokce as scored on the 1–9 scale where 1 = no disease and 9 represents
a plant killed by the fungus. There was an inverse relationship between disease severity and yield, production from blight
resistant cultivars of around 2,000 kg ha−1 being more than twice that of susceptible ones. Delaying planting for 3–5 weeks reduced the severity of ascochyta blight
but also reduced the yields in four of the six cultivars. In contrast, reduction in disease severity by delayed sowing resulted
in yield increases for the susceptible cvs Canitez and Local, although yield level was not as much as those of the less susceptible
cvs sown early. Delay of 6–9 weeks almost eliminated ascochyta blight but yields of all cultivars were seriously compromised
by drought stress. In consequence, chickpea farmers are recommended to use resistant or tolerant cultivars and sow early in
March. For less resistant cultivars, sowing in early April is recommended. Further delay is not recommended unless irrigation
is provided and fungicide spraying is recommended where signs of infection are present under conditions conducive to the disease. |
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| Keywords: | Integrated management Planting time Ascochyta blight |
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