Induction and stability of somaclonal variation in growth, leaf phenotype and gas exchange characteristics of poplar regenerated from callus culture |
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| Authors: | Saieed N T Douglas G C Fry D J |
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| Institution: | Department of Environmental Resource Management, University College, Dublin, Ireland. |
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| Abstract: | Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Grey x P. balsamifera L. TT32 lines were regenerated from calli that had been maintained under differing in vitro conditions for sixteen months. In the final months, calli were maintained with one of six concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 or 0.6 mg l(-1))and regenerated with 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0 mg l(-1) benzylaminopurine (BA). Regenerant lines were obtained from 15 of these 18 treatments. The spectrum of variation in several morphological, physiological and leaf gas exchange traits was evaluated in the primary regenerants in 1986, and in their secondary vegetative propagules in the two subsequent years, in relation to differences in the original culture conditions. The results indicate that somoclonal variation was induced largely as a result of prolonged culture in the presence of 2,4-D, but that the terminal maintenance and regeneration phases also induced changes in the regenerants. Qualitative differences among the regenerant lines were detected by the end of 1986. For most traits, these differences were statistically confirmed within the 3-year period. The treatment lines ultimately diverged sufficiently to produce lines showing general performance that was either above or below that of the original TT32 clone. An early visible indicator of this divergence was variation in leaf shape (leaf length/width ratio), which could be related to 2,4-D-BA interactions in the final stages of culture. Graphic illustration of the independent effects of either 2,4-D or BA on stem height and gas exchange parameters suggested an inverse relationship with BA concentration and a complex interaction with 2,4-D. Significant correlations were detected between gas exchange parameters and morphological characteristics representing leaf form and stem development. Overall, the results indicate the presence of somaclonal lines that offer potential for the selective improvement of growth using morphological and gas exchange parameters as screening tools. |
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