| 基于作物水分亏缺指数和盐分淋洗系数的新疆棉田节水控盐优化方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵玉,赵嘉滨,范雯婧,左强,吴训,盛建东,蒋平安,石建初.基于作物水分亏缺指数和盐分淋洗系数的新疆棉田节水控盐优化方法[J].农业工程学报,2024,40(12):96-108. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵玉 赵嘉滨 范雯婧 左强 吴训 盛建东 蒋平安 石建初 |
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| 作者单位： | 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院，乌鲁木齐 830052;中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院，北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目（2022D01D09）；国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1900104） |
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| 摘 要： | 通过灌溉对作物根区土壤水盐环境进行适时适度的调控是促进新疆绿洲农业可持续健康发展的重要举措，其中最为关键的一环当属灌溉制度尤其是灌水定额的优化。为了提高灌水控盐效率，该研究以新疆沙湾市膜下滴灌盐碱棉田为研究对象，以当地传统灌溉制度为对照，在基于作物水分亏缺指数（plant water deficit index，PWDI）评估并实施智能灌溉的基础上开展了2 a（2021与2022）田间灌水控盐试验，通过设置不同的盐分淋洗系数（2021年：1.0与2.0；2022年：1.0、1.4、1.8、2.2与2.6）探讨灌水定额对土壤水盐运移与棉花生长以及水分吸收利用的影响。结果表明，在固定PWDI阈值（评估值超过阈值时开启灌水）的情况下，在一定范围内随着盐分淋洗系数的增大，灌水定额增加，灌水周期延长，灌水总量增大，更多盐分被被淋洗到根区下部甚至根区以下，从而改善根域水盐环境，减轻水盐胁迫，促进棉花生长并增产，但灌溉水利用效率呈缓慢下降趋势。然而，当盐分淋洗系数（灌水定额）增大到一定程度时，长期优越的根域水盐环境导致棉花徒长，即营养生长旺盛而生殖生长迟滞，灌水周期缩短，灌水总量急剧上升，产量不再增加反而有下降趋势，灌溉水利用效率显著降低。综合考虑盐分淋洗、棉花生长与产量以及水分利用效率，当试验区PWDI阈值取为0.5时建议对应的盐分淋洗系数取为2.2。该研究可为新疆盐碱棉田高效生产以及绿洲农业可持续健康发展提供理论依据与技术支撑。
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| 关 键 词： | 灌溉 盐分 淋洗 灌水定额 膜下滴灌 节水控盐 水分利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023/12/21 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2024/2/18 0:00:00 |
Optimizing the water-saving and salt-regulating method for cotton field in Xinjiang of China based on plant water deficit index and salt leaching coefficient |
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| ZHAO Yu,ZHAO Jiabin,FAN Wenjing,ZUO Qiang,WU Xun,SHENG Jiandong,JIANG Ping'an,SHI Jianchu.Optimizing the water-saving and salt-regulating method for cotton field in Xinjiang of China based on plant water deficit index and salt leaching coefficient[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2024,40(12):96-108. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Yu ZHAO Jiabin FAN Wenjing ZUO Qiang WU Xun SHENG Jiandong JIANG Ping'an SHI Jianchu |
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| Institution: | College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | Water scarcity and soil salinization have been limited to agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. For instance, the average annual precipitation in Xinjiang is only about 150 mm, but the annual evaporation exceeds 2 000 mm, where more than 94% of the available water resource is consumed by agriculture. Among them, one-third of arable land has experienced soil salinization. Furthermore, the degree and scale of salinization are ever-increasing each year. Therefore, there is a high demand to regulate the soil water and salt conditions in the root zone using irrigation scheduling. This study aims to promote the sustainable development of oasis agriculture in Xinjiang. The irrigation scheduling and quota were optimized to save water and regulate the soil salinity. A field experiment was conducted in Shawan City, Xinjiang, China in 2021 and 2022. The cotton was planted in the saline-alkali field and drip-irrigated under film mulch. The control treatment was selected as the local traditional irrigation scheduling. Smart irrigation was also implemented to evaluate the plant water deficit index (PWDI) over the treatment-designed threshold. The PWDI threshold was set at 0.62 and 0.50 in 2021 and 2022. Different salt leaching coefficients (1.0 and 2.0 in 2021; 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, and 2.6 in 2022) were set to explore the effects of irrigation quota on soil water and salt transport, cotton growth, and water use. The irrigation quota was also determined, according to the soil water and salt conditions. In general, the irrigation quota increased for a constant PWDI threshold, when the salt leaching coefficient raised. The irrigation period was also prolonged, namely the irrigation frequency decreased. The total irrigation depth increased, where more salt was leached to the lower soil layer in the root zone or even out of the root zone, thereby improving the soil water and salt conditions. The water and salt stress were reduced to improve the cotton growth and yield while leading to a gradual decrease in the use efficiency of irrigation water. Once the salt leaching coefficient (irrigation quota) increased to the critical value, the long-term superior soil water and salt conditions in the root zone resulted in the overgrowth of cotton, namely, vigorous nutritional growth but delayed reproductive growth. Therefore, the irrigation period was shortened, and the total irrigation depth increased sharply, while the cotton yield decreased, leading to a significant decrease in the irrigation water use efficiency. The salt leaching coefficient of 2.2 was recommended for the cotton growth and yield, as well as water use efficiency. The PWDI threshold was set as 0.5 in the experimental area. Compared to 1.0, when the salt leaching coefficient was set as 2.2, the average irrigation quota increased from 42.5 to 85.0 mm during treatment period in 2022, the irrigation events decreased from 9 to 6 times, the total irrigation depth increased from 382.7 to 510.2 mm, more than 7.63 ×103 kg/hm2 salt was leached to the soil layer deeper than 100 cm, and the average PWDI decreased from 0.35 to 0.30, resulting in a 15.0% increase for yield and a 8.8% decrease for irrigation water use efficiency. The findings can provide the theoretical evidence and technical support to improve the smart irrigation of saline farmland, in order to promote the sustainable development of oasis agriculture in Xinjiang. The salt leaching efficiency can also be optimized to adopt the chemical amendment, according to the rooting depth during growth season. |
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| Keywords: | irrigation salinity leaching irrigation quota drip-irrigation under mulch water-saving and salt-regulating water use efficiency |
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