| 澳大利亚农业系统中非点源污染的控制 |
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| 作者姓名： | C. GOURLEY A. RIDLEY |
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| 作者单位： | [1]Primary Industries Research Victoria, 2460 Hazeldean Rd, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821 （Australia）. [2]Co-operative Research Centre for Plant Based Management of Dryland Salinity and Primary Industries Research Victoria, Rutherglen, Victoria 3685 （Australia） |
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| 基金项目： | Project supported by the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development （CCICED）. |
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| 摘 要： | The Australian farming sector is continuing to intensify, particularly within 300 km of the east and southern coastlines. In the future there will be fewer and larger farms, which will use more fertilizer, support more stock, grow more monoculture crops, and utilise more marginal soils. This is likely to increase the major environmental impacts of soil degradation, salt, nutrient and sediment contamination of waterways, and greenhouse gas emissions. Australian national water policy continues to focus on land, stream and groundwater salinity issues, although there is now a greater recognition of the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture. The general philosophy of policy for dealing with nonpoint source pollution has been towards a voluntary rather than regulatory approach, with state and national governments supporting a range of programs to encourage sustainable agricultural practices. A catchment （watershed） based approach, through the use of integrated catchment management plans, is the primary way that non-point source pollution is addressed at the farm and local level. At an industry level, cotton, grains, meat, sugarcane and dairy amongst others, as well as the Australian fertilizer industry, have responded to non-point source issues by investing in research and development, and developing codes of practice aimed at abating these environmental impacts. Understanding the economic, social, political and cultural contexts of farming as well as the environmental impacts of agriculture are very important in determining the appropriateness of policy responses for Australian farming systems.
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| 关 键 词： | 澳大利亚 农场 农业生态系统 非点污染 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-05-31 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-09-21 |
Controlling non-point source pollution in Australian agricultural systems |
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| C. GOURLEY,A. RIDLEY.Controlling non-point source pollution in Australian agricultural systems[J].Pedosphere,2005,15(6):768-777. |
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| Authors: | C GOURLEY and A RIDLEY |
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| Institution: | Primary Industries Research Victoria, 2460 Hazeldean Rd, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821 (Australia). E-mail: cameron.gourley@dpi.vic.gov.au;Co-operative Research Centre for Plant Based Management of Dryland Salinity and Primary Industries Research Victoria, Rutherglen, Victoria 3685 (Australia) |
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| Abstract: | The Australian farming sector is continuing to intensify, particularly within 300 km of the east and southern coastlines. In the future there will be fewer and larger farms, which will use more fertilizer, support more stock, grow more monoculture crops, and utilise more marginal soils. This is likely to increase the major environmental impacts of soil degradation, salt, nutrient and sediment contamination of waterways, and greenhouse gas emissions. Australian national water policy continues to focus on land, stream and groundwater salinity issues, although there is now a greater recognition of the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture. The general philosophy of policy for dealing with non-point source pollution has been towards a voluntary rather than regulatory approach, with state and national governments supporting a range of programs to encourage sustainable agricultural practices. A catchment (watershed) based approach, through the use of integrated catchment management plans, is the primary way that non-point source pollution is addressed at the farm and local level. At an industry level, cotton, grains, meat, sugarcane and dairy amongst others, as well as the Australian fertilizer industry, have responded to non-point source issues by investing in research and development, and developing codes of practice aimed at abating these environmental impacts. Understanding the economic, social, political and cultural contexts of farming as well as the environmental impacts of agriculture are very important in determining the appropriateness of policy responses for Australian farming systems. |
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| Keywords: | Australian control farming system non-point source pollution |
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