Effect of Competition on Nitric Oxide, Carbon Monoxide, and Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Levels in Training Horses |
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| Authors: | Gonzalo Maraon DVM PhD Brbara Muoz-Escassi DVM PhD William Manley DVM PhD Cruz García PharmD PhD Rosa Len DVM Begoa Olbarri DVM Patricia Cayado DVM PhD Cristina Domínguez DVM Mercedes Snchez de la Muela DVM PhD Maria Suarez DVM PhD Elena Vara BD PhD |
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| Institution: | aHorsepital SL, Madrid, Spain;bDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain;cDepartment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exercise on nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and cyclic guanosyl monophosphate (cGMP) levels in jumping and dressage horses involved in competition. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 100 horses involved in jumping or dressage competition at three time points: baseline at rest, on reaching the schooling but before exercise, and over a jump or dressage course. Fourteen healthy horses not involved in competition were used as control group. Exercise increased plasma CO concentration in both jumping and dressage horses, and this effect was more apparent in dressage horses. Exercise also increased NO plasma concentration in jumping horses, whereas it did not significantly modify NO plasma concentration in dressage horses. After exercise, plasma cGMP concentration was higher in both groups. Our results show that different signaling pathways are initially activated by exercise and that this activation is specific to the different modes of exercise. This information can be used to optimize warm-up and cool-down procedures for sport horses or to optimize training programs for equine athletes. |
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| Keywords: | Exercise Nitric oxide Carbon monoxide Jumping horses Dressage horses |
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