Temperature- and moisture-dependent soil water repellency induced by the basidiomycete Agaricus bisporus |
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| Authors: | Marie Spohn Matthias C Rillig |
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| Institution: | 1. Plant Ecology, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany;2. Soil Science, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Soil water repellency (SWR) has been reported to regularly occur in many soils under various climatic conditions. Despite the commonness of this soil property the mechanisms leading to the occurrence of SWR are largely unknown. The aim of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that the basidiomycete Agaricus bisporus promotes SWR, and that this fungal-induced SWR is dependent on soil moisture and temperature. We report that A. bisporus strongly induces SWR. We further show that the water content during the cultivation of A. bisporus on soil as well as drying temperature of the soil after the incubation experiment significantly affected SWR. Water drop penetration time (WDPT) of the soil ranged from 0.5 s in the samples cultivated at high soil water content (20%, w/w) and subsequently freeze dried, to more than 162 min in the soils that were kept at the low water content (13.8%, w/w) and were subsequently dried at 80 °C. These findings show that fungal activity potentially can promote dramatic SWR. The strong increase in SWR due to heating of the soil to 80 °C supports the view that SWR can be caused by a rearrangement of organic substances. For this reason, we discuss surface-active proteins produced by basidiomycetes as potential drivers of the SWR observed in our experiment. |
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