| 有机物料腐熟剂对玉米和水稻秸秆还田效应的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 农传江,王宇蕴,徐 智,和金鸿,刘雨萌,洪 杨,汤 利,张发宝.有机物料腐熟剂对玉米和水稻秸秆还田效应的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(1):34-41. |
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| 作者姓名： | 农传江 王宇蕴 徐 智 和金鸿 刘雨萌 洪 杨 汤 利 张发宝 |
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| 作者单位： | （1.云南农业大学 资源与环境学院，昆明 650201；2.广东省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所，广州 510640） |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业(农业)科研专项基金(201103003，201103004)；国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B01)；农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室开放基金（ZHS2013 05）；云南省高校科技创新团队支持计划；云南农业大学学生科技创新创业行动基金（2014ZKY021）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过网袋法模拟秸秆还田(设置玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆单独还田,玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆+有机物料腐熟剂还田4个试验处理)研究有机物料腐熟剂对玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆还田后秸秆腐解率和腐解残余物有机碳及腐殖质组分的影响;通过秸秆还田盆栽试验(设置无秸秆还田,玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆单独还田,玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆+有机物料腐熟剂还田5个试验处理)研究有机物料腐熟剂对玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆还田后土壤基本性质以及生菜生物量和养分质量分数的影响。结果表明:有机物料腐熟剂促进秸秆腐解效果明显,与秸秆单独还田相比,玉米秸和水稻秸+有机物料腐熟剂还田的秸秆腐解率分别提高32.36%和29.76%,有机物料腐熟剂有促进腐解残余物有机碳质量分数下降的趋势,腐殖酸质量分数分别提高29.17%和20.71%,胡敏酸质量分数分别提高55.60%和48.84%,胡敏酸/富里酸比值分别提高54.17%和29.73%;且以玉米秸+有机物料腐熟剂的腐解效果更好;秸秆+有机物料腐熟剂还田显著增加土壤活性有机质、碱解氮和有效磷的质量分数以及生菜生物量,同时促进生菜对养分的吸收。与秸秆单独还田相比,玉米秸和水稻秸添加有机物料腐熟剂还田的土壤活性有机质质量分数分别增加12.74%、9.01%,生物量分别提高25.85%、18.07%,且以玉米秸+有机物料腐熟剂的腐解效果更好。可以看出,玉米秸和水稻秸添加有机物料腐熟剂还田均可促进秸秆的腐解和有机物质转化,改善土壤理化性质、提高作物产量。
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| 关 键 词： | 有机物料腐熟剂 秸秆还田 腐殖质组分 土壤养分 |
Effects of Organic Matter Decomposition Inoculant on Maize and Rice Straw Returning |
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| NONG Chuanjiang,WANG Yuyun,XU Zhi,HE Jinhong,LIU Yumeng,HONG YangT,ANG Li and ZHANG Fabao.Effects of Organic Matter Decomposition Inoculant on Maize and Rice Straw Returning[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2016,25(1):34-41. |
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| Authors: | NONG Chuanjiang WANG Yuyun XU Zhi HE Jinhong LIU Yumeng HONG YangT ANG Li and ZHANG Fabao |
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| Abstract: | The methods of combining net bag simulated straw returning and straw returning pot experiment was carried to study effects of organic matter decomposition inoculant on maize and rice straw returning. Net bag simulated straw returning experiment had four treatments,including maize and rice straw returning alone,maize and rice straw returning with organic matter decomposition inoculant. Straw returning pot experiment had five treatments,including having no straw returning,maize and rice straw returning alone,maize and rice straw returning with organic matter decomposition inoculant. The results showed that,organic matter decomposition inoculant expedited the decomposing rates of maize and rice straw,promoted the conversion of organic matter and formation of new humus. Compared with straw returning alone,the treatment of combining maize and rice straw returning with organic matter decomposition inoculant accelerated decomposition rates by 32.36% and 29.76%,respectively; the mass fraction of humus increased 29.17% and 20.71% respectively; the mass fraction of humic acid increased by 55.60% and 48.84% respectively; humic acid/fulvic acid ratio increased by 54.17% and 29.73% respectively.Organic matter decomposition inoculant increased the mass fraction of soil active organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and lettuce biomass,and improves lettuce absorb nutrients. Compared with straw returning alone,the treatment of combining maize and rice straw returning with organic matter decomposition inoculant increased soil active matter mass fraction by 12.74% and 9.01% respectively; lettuce biomass increased by 25.85% and 18.07% respectively. In conclusion,maize and rice straw returning with organic matter decomposition inoculant can speed up the degree of straw decomposing,conversion of organic matter and formation of new humus,improving soil properties,and benefit to crop yields. |
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