| 土壤侵蚀物理模型中紫色土细沟侵蚀参数研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 王爱娟,符素华,朱小立.土壤侵蚀物理模型中紫色土细沟侵蚀参数研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):96-99. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王爱娟 符素华 朱小立 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 水利部水土保持监测中心,北京,100055;2. 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100;3. 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京,100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41101260) |
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| 摘 要： | 以长江中上游典型侵蚀性土壤紫色土为研究对象,采用变坡限定性细沟土槽,研究不同流量、坡度和沟长情况下,紫色土细沟侵蚀特征,并量化了细沟侵蚀参数。结果表明:细沟侵蚀受水流水力特征、土壤性质和坡面影响,随着水流含沙量的增大,细沟侵蚀速率呈现减小趋势;流量越大,坡度越陡,细沟水流的剥蚀率越大,造成细沟侵蚀速率也越大。在5L/min的小流量下,细沟侵蚀速率受剥蚀率限制与含沙量没有出现线性关系,15,25L/min流量下,细沟侵蚀速率与含沙量呈线性相关。侵蚀速率在细沟开始处最大,随沟长的增大,水流能量消耗于挟带泥沙而迅速减小,相关性分析得到侵蚀速率与沟长呈指数递减,相关系数R2变化于0.45~0.98之间。通过回归分析得到试验条件下,紫色土细沟土壤可蚀性均值为0.005 3s/m,临界剪切力均值为2.92Pa。研究结果对于坡面土壤侵蚀物理模型的建立和推广应用提供数据支撑,为紫色土坡面侵蚀研究提供借鉴。
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| 关 键 词： | 紫色土 细沟 水流挟沙力 土壤可蚀性 临界剪切力 |
Study on Rill Erosion Parameters of Purple Soil in the Physical Erosion Model |
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| WANG Aijuan,FU Suhu,ZHU Xiaoli.Study on Rill Erosion Parameters of Purple Soil in the Physical Erosion Model[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(6):96-99. |
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| Authors: | WANG Aijuan FU Suhu ZHU Xiaoli |
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| Institution: | 1.Center of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100055;2. School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875;3.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Yangling,Shannxi 712100 |
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| Abstract: | A series of flume experiments were conducted at the condition of different runoff discharge, slope gradient and slope length. The Purple soil with a clay texture is the typical soil in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river.The flume with the size of 30 cm wide and 10 m long were used.eleven slope lengths including 0.5 m, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, 6 m, 7 m, 8 m, 9 m and 10 m were used. The flume were divided into 3 rills and the rill width is 10 cm. Three slope gradients including 5°,15° and 23°and three flow discharges with 5 L/min, 15 L/min, 25 L/min were used in the experiments. All experiments were repeated three times and there were total 297 test sessions. The results showed that rill erosion was affected by flow hydraulic characteristics, soil properties and slope characteristics, with the increase of flow sediment concentration, the rill erosion rate showed a trend of decrease; The greater the flow rate and slope gradient, the bigger rill flow detachment and the rill erosion rate. Under the condition of 5 l/min of small flow discharge, rill erosion rate restricted by detachment rate and had no strict linear relationship with sediment concentration, but under condition of 15 l/min, 25 l/min, rill erosion rate was linear correlation with sediment concentration. At the beginning of the rill, the rill erosion rate is the biggest, with the increases of rill length, the flow energy consumption for sediment transport, so sediment detachment decreased rapidly. The rill erosion rate and the rill length had a exponentially decreasing relationship by correlation analysis, and the correlation coefficient R2 changed between 0.45 to 0.98. By regression analysis, the average purple soil erodibility was 0.005 3 s/m, and the average critical shear stress was 2.92 Pa under experimental condition. The results provide data support for establishment and application of distributed physical model and serve as the further research of slope soil erosion of purple soil. |
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| Keywords: | purple soil rill sediment carrying capacity soil erodibility critical shear stress |
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