| 生物炭与化肥配施对土壤特性及烤烟品质和经济性状的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 凌天孝,于晓娜,李志鹏,周涵君,张晓帆,宋显锋,刘迎昌,付仲毅,郑好,叶协锋.生物炭与化肥配施对土壤特性及烤烟品质和经济性状的影响[J].土壤通报,2016(6):1425-1432. |
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| 作者姓名： | 凌天孝 于晓娜 李志鹏 周涵君 张晓帆 宋显锋 刘迎昌 付仲毅 郑好 叶协锋 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 河南农业大学烟草学院,国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地,烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南郑州450002;2. 河南省烟草公司郏县分公司,河南郏县,467100 |
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| 基金项目： | 烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室资助项目(中烟办[2014]334号)，河南省烟草公司资助项目(HYKJ201301) |
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| 摘 要： | 研究生物炭与化肥配施对土壤特性及烤烟品质和经济性状的影响,为生物炭在烟叶生产中的有效利用提供参考依据。以中烟100为研究对象,在河南郏县开展大田试验。试验设6个处理,分别为:对照CK(不施肥);T1(常规施肥);T2(T1+生物炭4500 kg hm~(-2));T3(T1+生物炭9000 kg hm~(-2));T4(T1+生物炭4500 kg hm~(-2)-纯氮5%);T5(T1+生物炭9000kg hm~(-2)-纯氮10%)。施用生物炭对植烟土壤特性、烤烟品质和经济性状有一定的影响。生物炭增加了土壤碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量,提高了CEC和pH值,对土壤细菌和放线菌含量也有提升作用,其中土壤速效钾含量随生物炭用量增加呈现递减的趋势,其它指标均随生物炭用量增加而递增;生物炭对土壤速效磷和真菌含量表现出前期抑制后期促进的规律;生物炭9000 kg hm~(-2)条件下,减纯氮10%降低了CEC、速效磷和有机质含量;生物炭增加了烤烟钾含量,降低了氯含量,提高了烤烟叶化学成分的协调性和单料烟感官质量,生物炭9000 kg hm~(-2)条件下,减纯氮10%则增加了烤烟氯含量,降低单料烟感官质量;生物炭还提高了烟叶产量、产值以及上、中等烟比例,而生物炭9000 kg hm~(-2)条件下,减纯氮10%则对烤烟经济性状造成了负面影响。以常规施肥配施生物炭9000 kg hm~(-2)的处理效果最好。
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| 关 键 词： | 烤烟 生物炭 土壤特性 品质 经济性状 |
Biochar and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties,Quality and Economic Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco |
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| Abstract: | This paper investigated the effect of biochar and chemical fertilizers application on soil properties,and quality and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco,which would provide some references for effective utilization in the tobacco production.The tested variety was Zhongyan 100.The field experiment was carried out in Jiaxian of Henan Province.Six treatments were set up:CK for no fertilizer,T1 for conventional fertilizer,T2 for T1 + biochar 4500 kg hm-2,T3 for T1 + biochar 9000 kg hm-2,T4 for T2-5％ nitrogen,T5 for T3-10％ nitrogen.Biochar application increased rapidly the contents of soil available N and K and organic matter,improved soil CEC and pH values,and also increased the quantity of soil bacteria and actinomycetes.Soil available potassium content showed decrease trend,while the other indices showed increased trend with the increase in biochar dosage.Available P and soil fungi were promoted rapidly in former growth stage of tobacco and decreased in later growth stage after the application of biochar.T5 treatment reduced soil CEC value,and available P and organic matter contents.Application of biochar increased the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco,reduced the chlorine content,improved the coordination of chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco and sensory quality of cured-leaves.The chlorine content in flue-cured tobacco was increased,and the sensory quality of cured-leaves was reduced in T5 treatment.Application of biochar improved the tobacco yield and output value and the proportion of mid-high grade tobacco,but T5 treatment had a negative impact on economic characteristics.The best effect was found in the treatment of conventional fertilization combined with biochar of 9000 kg hm-2. |
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| Keywords: | Flue-cured tobacco Biochar Soil properties Quality Economic characteristics |
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