| 杂草管理的分子生物学途径(英文) |
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| 作者姓名： | Wun S.CHAO |
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| 作者单位： | 美国农业部农业科学研究院/生物科学研究实验室,北达科他州法戈市阿尔布雷希特大道1605号,58102-2765美国 |
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| 摘 要： | 全球气候变化有利于外来杂草的入侵与传播,因为外来种通常可以快速适应环境。除草剂和抗除草剂作物的滥用使抗性杂草严重威胁现代农业的发展,这就需要新技术有效缓解当前的和未来的杂草问题。分子生物学是研究DNA、RNA以及蛋白质分子之间相互作用的科学,该技术已在杂草科学中广泛应用,如决定杂草抗药性机制、抗性杂草的起源、杂草基因型和基因流动的传播、杂草特征的生态适应与进化发展等。这些信息有利于建立可持续发展的杂草管理方案。分子生物技术也具有可直接用于防除杂草的潜力,如可用于开发新的除草措施的技术,包括宏基因组学、病毒诱导基因沉默、转基因雌性不育性等。
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| 关 键 词： | 全球气候变化 外来杂草 病毒诱导基因沉默 宏基因组学 转基因雌性不育性 |
Molecular Biology Approaches to Weed Management |
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| Wun S.CHAO.Molecular Biology Approaches to Weed Management[J].Weed Science,2012,30(1):1-10. |
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| Authors: | Wun S CHAO |
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| Institution: | Wun S.CHAO(USDA-Agricultural Research Service,Biosciences Research Lab, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard,Fargo,ND 58102-2765 USA) |
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| Abstract: | Global climate change appears to be favorable for invasive weed development and spread because invasive species in general are proficient at succeeding in new environments.To worsen matters,herbicide-resistant weeds have become a severe threat in modern agricultural systems due to the extensive use of herbicides and the widespread use of herbicide resistant crops.Therefore,novel techniques are needed to effectively alleviate current and future weed problems.Molecular biology is the study of molecular interactions between DNA,RNA,and proteins.Molecular tools have been used in weed science to determine mechanisms of how weeds become resistant,origins of resistance,spread of weed genotypes and gene flow,ecological and evolutionary development of weedy characteristics,etc.Information obtained from these studies will contribute in proactive planning and applying environmentally sustainable solutions to weed management.Molecular tools also have the potential to be applied directly for weed control.Several technologies such as metagenomics,virus-induced gene silencing,and transgenic female-sterility are some good examples of how these techniques may be used to develop novel control measures. |
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| Keywords: | global climate change invasive weed virus-induced gene silencing metagenomics transgenic female-sterility |
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