| 土壤团聚体氧化亚氮排放潜势与微生物学机制 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 李文娟,蔡延江,朱同彬,黄平.土壤团聚体氧化亚氮排放潜势与微生物学机制[J].土壤学报,2021,58(5). |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 李文娟 蔡延江 朱同彬 黄平 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院,浙江农林大学,中国地质科学院岩溶地质所,中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41771266, 41401243），国家重点研发计划（No. 2018YFD0800606），土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金(Y812000005)，中国科学院青年创新促进会（2017391）。 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 氧化亚氮（N2O）是主要温室气体之一，土壤是N2O的重要排放源，其排放主要受N2O产生和还原的功能微生物影响。土壤团聚体是由原生颗粒（砂、粉、黏粒）、胶结物质和孔隙组成的土壤基本结构单元。土壤不同粒径团聚体之间因基质和孔隙差异形成特殊独立的微生境被视为N2O的生物化学反应器。在不同的微生境中，N2O产生和还原的功能微生物分布不同，因而土壤不同粒径团聚体N2O排放可能存在差异。目前在不同生态系统土壤全土N2O排放特征的报道较多，而对于不同粒径土壤团聚体N2O排放相对贡献尚不清楚、功能微生物分布还未知、N2O产生和还原热区尚未明确。本文综述了近年来国内外关于土壤团聚体对N2O产生和排放机制的研究，总结了土壤团聚体性状特征对N2O产生和还原的影响，阐述了不同粒径土壤团聚体对N2O排放影响的微生物学机制，进一步明确了今后需加强土壤团聚体N2O产生和还原的热区、环境因子阈值范围的确定、系列功能基因（酶）整体性的研究，以期为N2O模拟排放模型优化提供参考，为土壤N2O减排提供理论依据。
|
| 关 键 词： | 土壤团聚体 氧化亚氮 硝化/反硝化微生物 功能基因 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/6/18 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/11/4 0:00:00 |
Nitrous oxide production potential and its microbial mechanism in different sizes of soil aggregates |
| |
| liwenjuan,caiyanjiang,zhutongbin and huangping.Nitrous oxide production potential and its microbial mechanism in different sizes of soil aggregates[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(5). |
| |
| Authors: | liwenjuan caiyanjiang zhutongbin and huangping |
| |
| Institution: | Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| |
| Abstract: | Nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, is produced and reduced mainly under the mediation of functional microorganisms in soil. In terrestrial ecosystems, soil is an important source of N2O emission. Soil aggregates, a key structural component of the soil, consist of sand, silt, clay (primary particles), organic matter (binding agents) and pore spaces. According to the hierarchy theory, soil aggregates can be divided into four fractions by size, that is, large macroaggregates (>2 mm), small macroaggregates (2-0.25 mm), microaggregates (0.25-0.053 mm) and silt plus clay-sized particles (<0.053 mm). Large macroaggregates are high in pore connectivity and oxygen diffusion rate, fast in turnover, and rich in organic matter, and microaggregates high in water retention capacity and stable carbon content, and capable of protecting microorganisms from being predated. Hence, soil aggregates different in size may offer heterogeneous microhabitats for fungi and bacteria. And each independent microhabitat could be regarded as a biogeochemical reactor producing greenhouse gas. Nitrifiers and denitrifiers, which carry functional genes amoA, narG/napA, nirK/nirS, are identified as the major contributors to N2O production. However, N2O reduction is primarily a single process catalyzed by N2O reductase, encoded by nosZI and nosZII genes, which are present in bacteria and archaea capable of complete denitrification and acting as non-denitrifiers in N2O reduction to N2. These microorganisms are distributed separately in polymerized reactors different in size, driving N2O production and transportation as affected by soil moisture status, substrate availability, and porous connectivity. However, so far little is known about community structure of the nitrifiers and denitrifiers in aggregates relative to particle size and its influences on N2O emission. Nowadays, a numerous of studies have been reportedly devoted to soil N2O emission characteristics in different ecosystems, but limited knowledge was achieved on N2O emission and relative contribution of soil aggregates relative to size fraction. Therefore, with the clarification of functional microbial distribution at the aggregate scale, hot-spots of N2O production and reduction in soil microhabitats could be specified. In this review, advances in the recent research are summarized on divergence of N2O emission from soil aggregates. Large macroaggregates and small macroaggregates were found emitting more N2O than microaggregates did. However, studies were also found reporting conversely that microaggregates emitted N2O more vigerously. Papers in the literature also reported relationships between aggregate turnover (the formation, stabilization and disintegration of soil aggregates) and microbial structure dynamics. Bacteria contribute strongly to the formation of both macro- and microaggregates, while fungi play an important role in the formation of large macroaggregates. Hence, the mechanisms of soil microbes producing and reducing N2O in soil microhabitats could be summed up. A large number of studies have shown that ammonium oxiders are abundant in macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) and a dominant denitrifier community in microaggregates (<0.25 mm), and environmental factors affect N2O emission via redistributing these functional microorganisms. Based on the current results, discussions are done of some perspectives for future investigations: potential hot-spots for soil N2O production at the aggregate scale as heterogenetic living niches existing in soil aggregates different in size, critical values of key environmental parameters impacting soil N2O production and reduction, and holistic research on functional gene groups and enzymes instead of some individual gene due to the complex participation of soil microbes in N2O production and reduction. It is expected that this study will provide a reference for modeling and parameter optimization and a solid theoretical basis for mitigation of N2O emissions. |
| |
| Keywords: | Soil aggregates Nitrous oxide Nitrification/Denitrification microorganisms Functional genes |
|
| 点击此处可从《土壤学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《土壤学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
