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Predicted truly absorbed protein supply to dairy cattle from hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with altered carbohydrate traits with multi-year samples |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, 250 Ellis Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2;2. Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, 209 Human Ecology Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2;3. Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, 196 Innovation DriveSmart Park, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3C 6C5;4. Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6 |
| Abstract: | Hulless barley breeding lines varying in amylose (1–20% DM) and β-glucan content (5–10% DM) have been developed at the Crop Development Centre, Canada. The objectives of this large-scale study were to 1) determine and confirm the effect of these new hulless barley lines (zero-amylose waxy, CDC Fibar; 5%-amylose waxy, CDC Rattan; normal-amylose, CDC McGwire and high-amylose, HB08302) with altered carbohydrate traits on 1) metabolic characteristics of protein; 2) intestinal digestion of various nutrients and 3) modeling nutrient supply from these barley varieties by using NRC Dairy 2001 model and DVE/OEB system. CDC Copeland was included as a hulled barley control. Among the hulless barley lines, CDC Fibar contained the highest and CDC McGwire contained the lowest total digestible protein (TDP: 147 vs. 116 g/kg DM). HB08302 was greater (P < 0.05) in intestinal digestible protein (IDP: 40.6% RUP) but relatively lower (P < 0.05) in total digestible protein (TDP: 120 g/kg DM). Compared with hulless barley, hulled barley showed relatively lower (P < 0.05) intestinal digestible protein (38 vs. 53 g/kg DM) and total digestible protein (102 vs. 129 g/kg DM). In modeling nutrient supply from the DVE/OEB system, the results showed hulled barley was lower (P < 0.01) in true protein supplied to the small intestine (TPSI: 127 vs. 142 g/kg DM), lower in truly absorbed rumen bypassed feed protein in small intestine (ABCPDVE: 43 vs. 58 g/kg DM), lower in truly absorbed protein in the small intestine (DVE: 95 vs. 111 g/kg DM), and lower in degraded protein balance (OEBDVE: ?39 vs. ?23 g/kg DM) than the hulless barley lines but greater (P < 0.01) in undigested inorganic matter (9 g/kg DM). From NRC Dairy 2001 model, CDC Fibar was greater (P < 0.05) in degraded protein balance (OEBNRC: ?30 g/kg DM) and metabolizable protein (MP: 118 g/kg DM) than the other hulless barley lines, while hulled barley was relatively lower (P < 0.01) in total metabolizable protein (MP: 83 vs. 105 g/kg DM). Our correlation results suggested that TDP was negatively correlated to amylose (r = ?0.85, P < 0.001) but positively correlated to β-glucan level (r = 0.74, P < 0.001) in hulless barley cultivars. The DVE and OEBDVE as well as MP were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) to amylose level but positively correlated to β-glucan level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, altered carbohydrate traits in the hulless barley varieties have the potential to increase intestinal nutrient availability to ruminants and significantly improved the truly absorbed protein supply to dairy cattle compared to hulled barley. Hulless barley with lower amylose and higher β-glucan level could provide greater (P < 0.05) truly digested protein in the small intestine, better synchronized available energy and N and increase metabolizable protein supply to ruminants. |
| Keywords: | Amylose β-glucan Hulless and hulled barley Intestinal digestion Metabolic characteristics of protein ABCP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0040"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"truly absorbed bypass protein in the small intestine AECP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0050"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"truly absorbed rumen endogenous protein in the small intestine AMCP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"truly absorbed microbial protein in the small intestine ARUP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0070"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"truly absorbed rumen undegradable protein in the small intestine BCHO"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0080"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"rumen bypass CHO BCP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0090"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"rumen bypass feed crude protein BST"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0100"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"rumen bypass starch CHO"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0110"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"carbohydrates CP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0120"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"crude protein dBCHO"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0130"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"digestibility of rumen bypass or undegraded CHO dBCP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0140"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"digestibility of rumen undegraded protein dBST"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0150"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"digestibility of rumen bypass or undegraded starch DOM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0160"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"digested organic matter DVE"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0170"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"truly digested protein in the small intestine ECP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0180"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"rumen endogenous protein ENDP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0190"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"endogenous protein in the small intestine FOM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0200"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"organic matter fermented in the rumen IDBCHO"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0210"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"intestinal digestible rumen bypass CHO IDBST"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0220"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"intestinal digestible rumen bypass starch IDP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0230"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"intestinal digestible protein MCP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0240"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"microbial protein microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on discounted TDN MP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0260"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"metabolizable protein N_MCP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0270"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available nitrogen OEB"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0280"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"degraded protein balance RUP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0290"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"rumen undegraded protein ST"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0300"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"starch TDCHO"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0310"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"total digestible CHO TDP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0320"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"total digestible protein TDST"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0330"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"total digestible starch TPSI"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0340"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"total protein supplied to the small intestine UASH"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0350"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"undigested inorganic matter UDM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0360"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"undigested dry matter UOM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0370"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"undigested organic matter |
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