| Precision grazing management of grassland: Concept,theory, technology and paradigm北大核心CSCD |
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| 引用本文： | 王德利,王岭,韩国栋.Precision grazing management of grassland: Concept,theory, technology and paradigm北大核心CSCD[J].草业学报,2022,31(12):191-199. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王德利 王岭 韩国栋 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.东北师范大学环境学院，植被生态科学教育部重点实验室，吉林松嫩草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，吉林 长春 130024;2.内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院，草地资源教育部重点实验室，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010011 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重点项目和国际合作项目(32061143027) |
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| 摘 要： | With the development of human understanding of the multi-functionality of grassland, coupled with the increasing demand for grassland ecological services, animal production and pastoral living, it is necessary to update the concept of grassland management, develop higher level livestock grazing and feeding technology based on multidisciplinary theories, and establish a more effective grassland grazing management paradigm. This study considers both the background and characteristics of the grassland resources and modern multi-dimensional social demands, and develops the concept of precise grassland grazing management which encompasses the versatility and stability of the grassland ecosystem and sustainability as the goal and the use of grassland science, animal science, ecology and other multi-disciplinary theories, based on the habitat conditions, especially the vegetation characteristics, livestock classes and their requirements, and livestock-vegetation interactions. Through multi-dimensional, effective and directional regulation of the livestock grazing process, the grassland management and utilization paradigm of synergistic balance between production and ecological functions can be finally realized. Also, the concepts and connotations of precise grazing and its relevant theoretical bases are systematically explained, including the plant compensatory growth mechanism, the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, the theory of diversifying grazing livestock, mechanisms of plant-animal interactions, nutrition regulation principles and versatility synergy. These concepts form a scientific basis for the regulation of grazing pressure and livestock assembly. In conjunction with this coverage, the key points in precision grazing are reviewed, such as dynamic optimal stocking rate(threshold), mixed grazing(species and proportion), remote sensing information options(satellite, unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring, large scale data processing)and other related supporting technologies. Finally, the authors sum up the concept of grassland multifunctionality as a goal of “combining productive function and ecological service in a win-win manner”, so providing a precise grazing management paradigm. This approach provides a principle for the integration of natural grassland grazing, grassland grazing with supplementary feeding, and drylot feeding, reflecting region-wide whole industry regulation of livestock grazing pressure/assembly and provision for animal nutrition, while aiming for grassland grazing systems to achieve an overall “livestock-vegetation balance”. Such a system will generate high quality animal products and sustainable ecological services. Precise grazing management of grassland is advanced, practical and extensive, and therefore is a desirable choice for future grassland management with great potential and prospect. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.
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| 关 键 词： | 家畜 草原 多功能 载畜率 精准放牧管理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-01-24 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022-03-18 |
Precision grazing management of grassland： Concept， theory， technology and paradigm |
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| De-li WANG,Ling WANG,Guo-dong HAN.Precision grazing management of grassland： Concept， theory， technology and paradigm[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2022,31(12):191-199. |
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| Authors: | De-li WANG Ling WANG Guo-dong HAN |
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| Institution: | 1.School of Environment，Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education，Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station，Northeast Normal University，Changchun 130024，China;2.College of Grassland，Resources and Environment，Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education，Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，Hohhot 010011，China |
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| Abstract: | With the development of human understanding of the multi-functionality of grassland， coupled with the increasing demand for grassland ecological services， animal production and pastoral living， it is necessary to update the concept of grassland management， develop higher level livestock grazing and feeding technology based on multidisciplinary theories， and establish a more effective grassland grazing management paradigm. This study considers both the background and characteristics of the grassland resources and modern multi-dimensional social demands， and develops the concept of precise grassland grazing management which encompasses the versatility and stability of the grassland ecosystem and sustainability as the goal and the use of grassland science， animal science， ecology and other multi-disciplinary theories， based on the habitat conditions， especially the vegetation characteristics， livestock classes and their requirements， and livestock-vegetation interactions. Through multi-dimensional， effective and directional regulation of the livestock grazing process， the grassland management and utilization paradigm of synergistic balance between production and ecological functions can be finally realized. Also， the concepts and connotations of precise grazing and its relevant theoretical bases are systematically explained， including the plant compensatory growth mechanism， the intermediate disturbance hypothesis， the theory of diversifying grazing livestock， mechanisms of plant-animal interactions， nutrition regulation principles and versatility synergy. These concepts form a scientific basis for the regulation of grazing pressure and livestock assembly. In conjunction with this coverage， the key points in precision grazing are reviewed， such as dynamic optimal stocking rate （threshold）， mixed grazing （species and proportion）， remote sensing information options （satellite， unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring， large scale data processing） and other related supporting technologies. Finally， the authors sum up the concept of grassland multifunctionality as a goal of “combining productive function and ecological service in a win-win manner”， so providing a precise grazing management paradigm. This approach provides a principle for the integration of natural grassland grazing， grassland grazing with supplementary feeding， and drylot feeding， reflecting region-wide whole industry regulation of livestock grazing pressure/assembly and provision for animal nutrition， while aiming for grassland grazing systems to achieve an overall “livestock-vegetation balance”. Such a system will generate high quality animal products and sustainable ecological services. Precise grazing management of grassland is advanced， practical and extensive， and therefore is a desirable choice for future grassland management with great potential and prospect. |
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| Keywords: | livestock grassland multifunctionality stocking rate precise grazing management |
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