| 小麦根系形态数量性状的时空分布及其与土壤养分的关系研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 付锦州,周苏玫,韩亚倩,郭芳芳,滕政凯,杨键,杨习文,贺德先.小麦根系形态数量性状的时空分布及其与土壤养分的关系研究[J].核农学报,2023,37(3):626-637. |
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| 作者姓名： | 付锦州 周苏玫 韩亚倩 郭芳芳 滕政凯 杨键 杨习文 贺德先 |
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| 作者单位： | 河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室/河南粮食作物协同创新中心，河南 郑州 450046 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300701) |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确小麦根系时空分布及其与土壤有效养分含量之间的相互关系，于2020—2021年进行大田试验，采用裂区设计，主处理为品种，分别选用大穗品种周麦30和多穗品种周麦32，副处理为种植密度，设置1.2×106、2.4×106、3.6×106苗·hm-2 3个密度。使用长方体铁盒(20 cm×5 cm×20 cm)在麦行上、行距1/4处、行距1/2处分别取0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层的样品。分析冬前期、返青期、拔节期、开花期、灌浆期、成熟期不同位点小麦根系形态数量性状(根长密度、平均根直径、根体积、根总表面积)及土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量。结果表明，随着生育时期的推进，根总表面积、根长密度、根体积表现为先升高后降低的单峰曲线变化趋势；0～20 cm土层平均根直径呈“W”形曲线变化趋势，20～40 cm土层平均根直径呈“V”形曲线变化趋势。小麦根系垂直分布状况表现为：0～20 cm土层中根总表面积、根长密度、根体积均显著高于20～40 cm土层；20～40 cm土层平均根直径高于0～20 cm土...
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 根系形态数量性状 时空分布 土壤有效养分含量 变化动态 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-04-15 |
Relationships Between Spatiotemporal Distribution of Root Main Morphological and Quantitative Traits and Contents of Soil Available Nutrients in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) |
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| FU Jinzhou,ZHOU Sumei,HAN Yaqian,GUO Fangfang,TENG Zhengkai,YANG Jian,YANG Xiwen,HE Dexian.Relationships Between Spatiotemporal Distribution of Root Main Morphological and Quantitative Traits and Contents of Soil Available Nutrients in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2023,37(3):626-637. |
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| Authors: | FU Jinzhou ZHOU Sumei HAN Yaqian GUO Fangfang TENG Zhengkai YANG Jian YANG Xiwen HE Dexian |
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| Institution: | College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops，Zhengzhou，Henan 450046 |
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| Abstract: | The current study aims to clarify the spatiotemporal distribution of wheat root and its relationship with soil available nutrients content. The research was carried out to provide a technical support for effective absorption and utilization of nutrients and ensuring the high and stable yield of wheat. During the wheat growing seasons from 2020 to 2021， a split block design was employed with two wheat cultivars， Zhoumai 30 of large-spike cultivar and Zhoumai 32 of multi-cultivar， and three planting density， which were 1.2×106， 2.4×106 and 3.6×106 plants·hm-2. In 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layer the cubic iron box （20×5×20 cm） was used to get the samples from just above the wheat row， be situated in 1/4 row space， and be situated in 1/2 row space. Root morphological quantitative characteristics （root length density， average root diameter， root volume and total root surface area） and soil available nitrogen， soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium content were determined. The results showed that， in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers， total root surface area， root length density and root volume were first increased and then decreased with the development of growing period. In 0~20 cm soil layers， the curve of average root diameter was shaped as a W with the development of growing period. In 20~40 cm soil layers， the curve of average root diameter was shaped as an N with the development of growing period. In the vertical distribution of wheat root， total root surface area， root length density and root volume in 0~20 cm soil layer were significantly higher than those in 20~40 cm soil layer. Average root diameter in 20~40 cm soil layer was higher than that in 0~20 cm soil layer. In the whole growing period， the horizontal distribution of total root surface area， root length density， root volume， in 0~20 cm soil layer was showed as the just above the row > be situated in 1/4 row space > be situated in 1/2 row space. In 0~20 cm soil layer， average root diameter was the highest on just above the row. In soil layer of 20~40 cm， root distribution was relatively uniform， total root surface area， root length density and root volume were the highest on where be situated in 1/4 row space. In 0~20 cm soil layers， root length density， root volume and total root surface area of Zhoumai 32 were the highest at planting density 2.4×106 plants·hm-2. In 0~20 cm soil layers， average root diameter of Zhoumai 30 was the highest at planting density 1.2×106 plants·hm-2. The proportion of root length density， root volume and total root surface area in be situated in 1/4 row space and be situated in 1/2 row space increased with increasing planting density， and Zhoumai 32 is even more obvious. In 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers， root length density and total root surface area were significantly negatively correlated with contents of soil available nitrogen， soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium during the whole growing period. In 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers， average root diameter was significantly positively correlated with contents of soil available nitrogen， soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium during the whole growing period. In 0~20 cm soil layer， root volume was negatively correlated with contents of soil available nitrogen， soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium during the whole growing period. In 20~40 cm soil layer， root volume was significantly negatively correlated with content of soil available phosphorus during the whole growing period.These results suggested that the horizontal distribution of root biomass， the further away from the wheat row the less the root biomass， in 0~20 cm soil layer. The horizontal distribution of soil available nutrients content， the further away from the wheat row the more the soil available nutrients content. The root biomass of Zhoumai 32 was the highest at planting density 2.4×106 plants·hm-2. The proportion of root biomass of the further away from the wheat row the increased with increasing planting density， and Zhoumai 32 is even more obvious.The results of the current study provide guidelines for the coordinated spatiotemporal differences between soil nutrient supply and wheat nutrient demand and improving the efficiency of soil nutrient absorption and utilization. |
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| Keywords: | wheat morphological and quantitative root traits spatiotemporal distribution content of soil available nutrient dynamics |
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