| 施氮量对抚仙湖流域烟田氮磷流失及氮素利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 杜彩艳,吴迪,李家逵,白继元,代快,李家瑞,何玉华,李江舟.施氮量对抚仙湖流域烟田氮磷流失及氮素利用的影响[J].中国农学通报,2023,39(3):80-87. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杜彩艳 吴迪 李家逵 白继元 代快 李家瑞 何玉华 李江舟 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国烟草总公司云南省烟草公司科技计划重点项目“抚仙湖流域植烟区氮磷面源污染防治关键技术应用”(2020530000241006) |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究抚仙湖流域植烟区烤烟适宜施氮量，减少烟田径流氮磷流失，通过田间试验研究了不同施氮(N)水平(N0：0 kg/hm2、N60：60 kg/hm2、N75：75 kg/hm2、N90：90 kg/hm2、N105：105 kg/hm2)对植烟区农田地表径流氮磷流失、烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)氮素吸收利用和经济性状的影响。结果表明：（1）随着氮肥施用量增加，地表径流总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度及其流失量逐渐升高；（2）与常规施氮处理(N105)相比，N60、N75、N90处理径流TN和TP平均浓度分别降低18.6%、14.7%、9.15%和12.3%、7.66%、5.25%，TN和TP流失总量分别降低19.2%、18.1%、9.81%和14.4%、10.1%、6.78%；（3）烟株氮累积量随施氮量的增加而增加，氮肥利用率呈先上升后下降趋势，以处理N75的氮肥利用率最高，为27.00%；氮肥偏生产力随着施氮水平的提高而显著下降(P<0.05)；（4）烤烟产量随施氮量提高而增加，施氮处理较N0处理增产3.02%~13.90%，上等烟、上中等烟比例、产值和均价，随施氮量增加呈先上升后下降趋势，以施氮量75 kg/hm2的效果最佳。综合考虑烤烟经济性状及环境效益，N75处理既可提高烤烟经济性状，又能有效降低植烟区氮磷流失风险。
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| 关 键 词： | 抚仙湖流域 施氮量 氮磷流失 烤烟 氮素利用率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-04-23 |
Nitrogen Application Rate Affects Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss and Tobacco Nitrogen Utilization in the Fuxian Lake Basin |
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| DU Caiyan,WU Di,LI Jiakui,BAI Jiyuan,DAI Kuai,LI Jiarui,HE Yuhua,LI Jiangzhou.Nitrogen Application Rate Affects Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss and Tobacco Nitrogen Utilization in the Fuxian Lake Basin[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2023,39(3):80-87. |
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| Authors: | DU Caiyan WU Di LI Jiakui BAI Jiyuan DAI Kuai LI Jiarui HE Yuhua LI Jiangzhou |
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| Abstract: | To explore the suitable nitrogen (N) application rate for flue-cured tobacco in the tobacco planting areas of Fuxian Lake basin and reduce runoff loss of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) from tobacco field, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different N application rates (N0: 0 kg/hm2, N60: 60 kg/hm2, N75: 75 kg/hm2, N90: 90 kg/hm2 and N105: 105 kg/hm2) on N and P loss from farmland via surface runoff, and N use efficiency and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The results are as the follows. (1) With the increase of N fertilizer application rate, the concentration and the loss of total N (TN), total P (TP) via surface runoff increased gradually. (2) Compared with conventional N application treatment (N105), the average concentration of TN and TP in surface runoff under N60, N75 and N90 treatments decreased by 18.6%, 14.7%, 9.15% and 12.3%, 7.66%, 5.25%, respectively, and the total loss of TN and TP under N60, N75 and N90 treatments decreased by 19.2%, 18.1%, 9.81%, and 14.4%, 10.1%, 6.78%, respectively. (3) The N accumulation of tobacco plants increased with the increase of N application rate. Meanwhile, the N use efficiency increased first and then decreased, of which the highest value of 27.00% was obtained in N75 treatment. The partial productivity of N fertilizer decreased significantly with the increase of N application rate (P<0.05). (4) The yield of flue-cured tobacco increased with the increase of N application rate, and the yield of N application treatments increased by 3.02%-13.9% compared with that of N0 treatment. Similarly, the proportion of high-quality tobacco, high-medium quality tobacco, output value and average price increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate. The best quality and output value of flue-cured tobacco were obtained by N75 treatment. Considering the economic characteristics and environmental benefits of flue-cured tobacco, 75 kg/hm2 N application rate could not only improve the economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, but also effectively reduce the risk of soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in tobacco growing areas in Fuxian Lake basin. |
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| Keywords: | Fuxian Lake basin nitrogen application rate nitrogen and phosphorus loss flue-cured tobacco nitrogen use efficiency |
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