| 长期施肥对黄壤稻田和旱地土壤磷酸酶活性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘彦伶,李渝,张雅蓉,黄兴成,朱华清,杨叶华,张萌,蒋太明,张文安.长期施肥对黄壤稻田和旱地土壤磷酸酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2022,53(4):948-955. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘彦伶 李渝 张雅蓉 黄兴成 朱华清 杨叶华 张萌 蒋太明 张文安 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所，贵州 贵阳市 550006 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（32060302）、黔土肥技术[2022]8号、黔农科院国基后补助[2021]52号和黔农科院青年基金[2021]12号资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 明确施肥对黄壤稻田和旱地磷酸酶活性的影响及其主要影响因子。 方法 依托进行了22年的黄壤长期定位试验，研究长期施用化肥和有机肥对稻田和旱地土壤养分及酸性、中性和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。 结果 长期不同施肥处理显著改变了稻田和旱地土壤养分含量，且土壤pH、有机质和有效磷含量变化因稻田、旱地不同所受影响差异较大。稻田和旱地土壤酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性和中性磷酸酶（NEP）活性均高于碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性。与不施肥处理相比，稻田上除个别处理外，施用化肥对磷酸酶活性无显著影响，施用有机肥处理NEP活性显著提高，增幅达15.8% ~ 27.1%；旱地上，长期施用氮肥的处理（NK、NP、NPK）ACP活性显著提高了14.2% ~ 29.0%，ALP活性显著降低了20.1% ~ 50.7%，施用有机肥处理ACP和ALP活性分别提高了11.7% ~ 17.7%和9.4% ~ 56.9%，NEP活性降低了10.5% ~ 32.3%。与平衡施肥处理相比，稻田上缺素施肥对磷酸酶活性影响不显著，施用有机肥处理ACP、NEP、ALP活性分别提高了9.1% ~ 18.5%、6.9% ~ 17.3% 和8.3% ~ 15.0%；旱地上， NK处理ACP和NEP分别显著提高了12.9%和12.9%，PK处理则分别显著降低了16.7%和18.9%，施用有机肥处理NEP活性降低了5.9% ~ 28.9%，ALP活性显著提高了50.1% ~ 115.3%。相关分析表明，NEP活性与各土壤养分含量显著相关，但在稻田和旱地上相关性相反；ALP活性在旱地和稻田上与有机质和微生物量磷均呈显著正相关。通径分析表明，除旱地上ALP活性受pH直接影响作用较大外，其他磷酸酶活性受土壤磷素的直接影响作用均较大。 结论 黄壤稻田和旱地土壤磷酸酶活性与土壤磷素有效性密切相关，稻田上施用有机肥是提高土壤磷酸酶活性的有效途径，旱地上长期施用化学氮肥尤其是氮钾处理可提高ACP活性，增加土壤磷素供应，施用有机肥可通过提高土壤pH增加ALP活性。
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| 关 键 词： | 黄壤 长期施肥 磷酸酶活性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-09 |
Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Phosphatase Activities in Paddy and Dryland of Yellow Soil |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of soil and fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China2.Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment (Guizhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang 550006, China3.Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China4.Guiyang National Soil Quality Observation and Experiment Station, Guiyang 550006, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective The effect of fertilization on soil phosphatase activities and its main influencing factors are needed to be clarified. Method Based on a long-term located experiment of yellow soil for 22 years, the effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer on soil nutrients and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), neutral phosphatase (NEP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in paddy and dryland soils were studied. Result The results showed that long-term different fertilization treatments significantly changed soil nutrients, and the effects on soil pH, organic matter and available phosphorus were different in paddy and dryland. The activities of ACP and NEP in paddy and dryland soils were higher than that of ALP. Compared with no fertilization treatment, the application of chemical fertilizer had no significant effect on phosphatase activities except for individual treatments in paddy, and the NEP activities in the manure treatments were significantly increased by 15.8% - 27.1%. The NK, NP and NPK treatment in dryland significantly increased ACP activities by 14.2% - 29.0%, but decreased ALP activities by 20.1%-50.7%. The manure treatments increased ACP and ALP activities by 11.7%-17.7% and 9.4% - 56.9%, respectively, but decreased NEP activities by 10.5%-32.3%. Compared with balanced fertilization treatment, the nutrient deficiency fertilization treatments on phosphatase activities were not significant effect in paddy. The manure treatments increased ACP, NEP and ALP activities by 9.1%-18.5%, 6.9%-17.3% and 8.3%-15.0%, respectively. In dryland, NK treatment significantly increased ACP and NEP activities by 12.9% and 12.9%, but PK treatment significantly decreased ACP and NEP activities by 16.7% and 18.9%, and the NEP activities decreased by 5.9%-28.9% and the ALP activities increased by 50.1%-115.3% in manure treatments. Correlation analysis showed that NEP activities were significantly correlated with soil nutrient contents, but the correlation was opposite in paddy and dryland. ALP activities were significantly positively correlated with organic matter and microbial biomass phosphorus in paddy and dryland. Path analysis showed that the phosphatase activities were directly affected by soil phosphorus except ALP activities in dry land directly affected by pH. Conclusion Soil phosphatase activities are closely related to soil phosphorus availability in yellow soil. application of manure is an effective way to improve soil phosphatase activity in paddy. While long-term application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, especially NK treatment, could improve ACP activities and increase soil phosphorus supply in dryland, and the application of manure could increase ALP activities by increasing soil pH. |
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