| 盐碱地改良利用与造林技术 |
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| 引用本文： | 张建锋,宋玉民,邢尚军,马丙尧,郗金标.盐碱地改良利用与造林技术[J].东北林业大学学报,2002,30(6):124-129. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张建锋 宋玉民 邢尚军 马丙尧 郗金标 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东省林业科学研究院,济南,250014 |
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| 摘 要： | 目前：全球盐碱地面积已达95亿hm^2。土壤盐碱化已成为重要的环境问题之一。其原因主要是不适当灌溉、植被破坏和海水内侵。盐碱化的土壤，其物理与化学性状都发生了很大变化。一般情况下，孔隙度减小，土壤易于板结，透水透气性变差；土壤有机质含量下降，C，N矿质化程度降低，导致土壤肥力下降。土壤中过量的盐分离子对植物的生殖生长和营养生长都有抑制作用，一些离子还可以对植物进行直接毒害，引起植物的形态和结构发生变化。植物在长期的进化过程中，对盐分胁迫也有了一定的应对措施，如拒盐，稀盐，排盐等，以减少盐分对自身的危害。在人口不断增长，耕地逐渐减少的情况下，改良利用盐碱地具有重要意义。采取的方法包括工程措施、耕地措施和综合措施。植树造林是改良盐碱地的生物措施之一，不但可以改善环境，抑制土壤盐碱化，而且可以直接利用盐碱地生产林木果品，提高盐碱地的生产能力和经济效益。在盐碱地造林过程中，要注意选择耐盐树种，把握造林时机，采用先进技术，加强抚育管理，以确保造林质量。
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| 关 键 词： | 盐碱地 改良利用 造林技术 |
Saline Soil Amelioration and Forestation Techniques |
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| Zhang Jianfeng,Song Yumin,Xing Shangjun,Ma Bingyao,Xi Jinbiao.Saline Soil Amelioration and Forestation Techniques[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2002,30(6):124-129. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Jianfeng Song Yumin Xing Shangjun Ma Bingyao Xi Jinbiao |
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| Abstract: | Saline land area has reached 9.5 billion ha on the earth. Thus soil salinization becomes one of the serious environmental issues. The occurrence of salinization mainly are due to unsuited irrigation, plant community damage and sea water intrusion. Characteristics of salt-affected soil have to a certain extent altered from the viewpoint of soil physics and chemistry. Generally speaking soil pores reduce, flocculation frequently occurs, soil permeability worsens as well as organic matter content falls, which result in soil fertility decreases after salinization. Moreover extra salt ions in soil inhibit plant growth, some of them can directly injury plants. During the process of evolution some plants have had specific adaptation to salinity stress, e.g. exclusion of salts, dilution of salts and release of salts through glands, which is the fundamental for forestation in saline soil. At present world population is growing, while arable land is decreasing. To cope with the situation amelioration and utilization of salt-affected soil is vital and significant. There are various ways such as engineering measures, farming measures and comprehensive measures to reclaim and exploit this land. Planting trees is an important biological path to utilize saline soil, which can not only improve environment, but also increase soil productivity with producing wood and non-wood forest products. For reforestation in saline soil the following points are crucial: selecting salt tolerant tree species, grasping planting time, employing advanced techniques, strengthening maintenance, ensuring forestation quality. |
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| Keywords: | Saline soils Amelioration Forestation techniques |
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