Shape differences of the Carina sterni in birds of various locomotion types |
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| Authors: | Migena Gjoni Gündemir Tomasz Szara Constantin Spataru Ismail Demircioglu Bernard Turek Georgios Petrovas Mihaela Claudia Spataru |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University- Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Scienc-es-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland;3. Department of Preclinics, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad", University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania;4. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey;5. Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland;6. Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey;7. Department of Public Health, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad", University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania |
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| Abstract: | The anatomy of the sternum in birds varies according to their habitats and type of locomotion. In particular, the carina sterni manifest different shape variations. In this study, the shape of the carina sterni was investigated by means of geometric morphometrics. Birds of different types of locomotion were used in the study: flying, swimming, and terrestrial. Ducks and chickens show a wider variety of shapes. Pigeons are the species with the least differences. The margo cranialis carinae in a turkey is the flattest compared to other species. In chickens, the apex carinae is more caudally than the base of the carina sterni. The margo cranialis of the carina sterni in ducks is concave. The differences in centroid size and shape differences between species collectively are statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The most distinct shape contrast is between the duck and turkey (p: 0.0003). Form differences between the ducks and geese as well as between the chicken and turkey are statistically insignificant. There is less variation in the shape of the carina sterni among avian species representing the same type of locomotion. Although there are many comparative morphological and morphometric studies of birds, shape analysis studies revealing the interspecific differences and similarities of the sternum are very limited. Morphology of the carina sterni can be useful in taxonomic investigations. |
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| Keywords: | avian anatomy carina chickens ducks goose pigeons sternum turkeys |
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