| 两系杂交水稻南繁制种安全敏感期低温过程的气候特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴慧,陈小敏,邢彩盈,朱晶晶,吴胜安,胡德强.两系杂交水稻南繁制种安全敏感期低温过程的气候特征[J].热带生物学报,2022,13(4):382-390. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴慧 陈小敏 邢彩盈 朱晶晶 吴胜安 胡德强 |
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| 作者单位： | 海南省气候中心/海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室，海口 570203 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41765005)；中国气象局创新发展专项（CXFZ2022J052） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了给两系杂交水稻南繁制种生产安排提供气象参考，利用海南岛南部4个两系杂交水稻南繁制种市县1961—2020年气象观测站逐日气温资料，采用线性倾向估计和小波分析方法，统计分析了这些地区两系杂交水稻制种育性安全敏感期低温过程的气候特征及其变化。结果表明:（1）4个市县两系杂交水稻制种安全敏感期多年平均低温日数为3.6 d·a?1，低温日数从多到少依次是东方、乐东、陵水、三亚。近60 年平均低温日数最多时期主要出现在3月26日和3月17日，但最近10 年主要出现在3月24—26日。（2）大部分低温过程持续时间为3～7 d，>10 d和< 3 d的低温过程出现概率低，并且只发生在东方和陵水。（3）近60年，低温过程次数、总日数、最长持续时间、出现范围呈现出显著的线性减少、缩短、减小趋势。但2010年以来，一些年份低温过程次数仍然偏多，有近半数年份出现了大范围低温过程，个别年份出现罕见的长时间低温过程。在气候变暖背景下，近10年部分市县、部分时段低温气候风险由最高等级下降为最低等级。（4）4个市县年平均低温过程次数、总日数和最长持续时间均具有显著的短周期振荡特征。在南繁水稻制种生产中应充分考虑3月中旬至4月中旬的低温气候风险。
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| 关 键 词： | 两系杂交水稻 南繁制种 育性安全敏感期 低温过程 气候特征 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-07-20 |
Climatic characteristics of low temperature process during the safe fertility-sensitive period of two-line hybrid rice seed production in Hainan |
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| Institution: | Hainan Climate Center/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570203, China |
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| Abstract: | Climatic characteristics and changes of low temperature process during the safe fertility-sensitive period of two-line hybrid rice seed production in four cities in southern Hainan Island were statistically analyzed by using the methods of linear tendency estimation and wavelet analysis based on the daily mean temperature of these areas from 1961 to 2020, so as to provide reference for the arrangement of rice seed production in winter. The results show the annual average number of low-temperature days in the safe fertility-sensitive period of two-line hybrid rice seed production in the four cities is 3.6 days in the descending order of Dongfang > Ledong > Lingshui and Sanya. In recent 60 years, the maximum number of average low temperature days mainly occurred on March 26 and March 17, but in the last 10 years, it mainly occurred from March 24 to 26. The duration of most of the low-temperature processes is 3?7 days. The processes more than 10 days and less than 3 days have low probability, and only occurred in Dongfang and Lingshui. In recent 60 years, the frequency of low temperature processes and total days and maximum duration and occurrence range have showed significant linear reduction and shortening and decreasing trend. However, since 2010, frequency of low-temperature processes in some years is still more than that in normal years, and a large-scale low temperature process occurred in nearly half of the years, and a rare long-time low temperature process occurred in individual years. Under the background of climate warming, the low temperature climate risk has decreased from the highest level to the lowest level in some cities and some periods in recent 10 years. The annual average number of low temperature processes, total days and the longest duration in the four cities have significant characteristics of short-period oscillation. The low temperature climate risk from mid-March to mid-April should be fully considered in rice seed production in winter. |
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