| 运城盆地不同播期小麦干热风发生风险评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 王健,许爱玲,杨娜,王珂,席吉龙,卫晓东,张建诚,席天元.运城盆地不同播期小麦干热风发生风险评价[J].作物杂志,2022,38(2):104-141. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王健 许爱玲 杨娜 王珂 席吉龙 卫晓东 张建诚 席天元 |
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| 作者单位： | 山西农业大学棉花研究所,044000,山西运城 |
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| 基金项目： | 山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221062);山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(202003-3) |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确当前气候情境下不同类型小麦在不同播期干热风的发生风险,以半冬性偏冬性品种济麦22、半冬性偏春性品种周麦18以及弱春性品种西农529为材料,通过3年的试验,研究小麦的物候期和产量及其构成因素的变化。分析2年的籽粒灌浆规律,并结合近30年本地区干热风发生分布,讨论不同播期籽粒灌浆95%时的干热风发生概率。结果表明,推迟播期,小麦冬前分蘖减少,但春季分蘖增多,适度增加播量可以保证群体成穗数;籽粒灌浆时长缩短、灌浆速率加快,播期在一定范围内干热风发生概率没有明显提升。济麦22在380℃~680℃、周麦18和西农529在250℃~680℃冬前积温范围播种,干热风发生风险保持一致,继续降低冬前积温,干热风发生风险明显增加。本试验条件下,适度推迟播期,降低冬前积温,增加播量,灌浆速率增加,干热风发生风险没有显著变化,同时不同类型小麦产量稳定。在当前气候条件下,小麦最适冬前积温可由先前的约600℃降低到当前的约380℃,冬前分蘖2~4个,是小麦稳产的有效途径。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦品种 冬前积温 物候期 灌浆速率 干热风发生风险 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-08 |
Risk Assessment of Dry-Hot Wind in Different Sowing Dates of Wheat in Yuncheng Basin |
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| Wang Jian,Xu Ailing,Yang Na,Wang Ke,Xi Jilong,Wei Xiaodong,Zhang Jiancheng,Xi Tianyuan.Risk Assessment of Dry-Hot Wind in Different Sowing Dates of Wheat in Yuncheng Basin[J].Crops,2022,38(2):104-141. |
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| Authors: | Wang Jian Xu Ailing Yang Na Wang Ke Xi Jilong Wei Xiaodong Zhang Jiancheng Xi Tianyuan |
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| Institution: | Cotton Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to clarify the risk changes of dry-hot wind in different sowing dates of different types of wheat under the current climate situation, taking Jimai 22 (semi-winter and partial-winter variety), Zhoumai 18 (semi-winter and partial-spring variety) and Xinong 529 (weak-spring variety) as materials to study the phenological period, yield and its compositions of wheat through three years experiments. Based on the analysis of the grain filling rule in two years and the distribution of dry-hot wind in 1987-2016, the probability of occurrence of dry-hot wind at 95% grain filling in different sowing dates was discussed. The results showed that postponing the sowing date could reduce tillering before winter but increase tillering number in spring. Delaying sowing date shortened the grain filling duration and accelerated the grain-filling rate, and the probability of dry-hot wind did not increase significantly within a certain sowing date range. Jimai 22 planted in the pre-winter accumulated temperature range of 380℃-680℃, Zhoumai 18 and Xinong 529 planted in the pre-winter accumulated temperature range of 250℃-680℃. The dry-hot wind risk remained the same, and it increased significantly as the accumulated temperature continued to decrease. Under the conditions of this experiment, the grain-filling rate increased and the risk of dry-hot wind did not significantly change when moderately postponing the sowing date, decreasing the accumulated temperature before winter, and increasing the sowing amount, so the wheat yield of different year types was stable. Under the current climate conditions, the optimum accumulated temperature before winter could decrease from about 600℃ to 380℃, and two to four tillers before winter, which is an effective way to stabilize wheat yield. |
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| Keywords: | Wheat cultivars Accumulated temperature before winter Phenological stage Grouting rate Dry-hot wind risk Yield |
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