| 北京藜麦适应性栽培研究进展及展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 梅丽.北京藜麦适应性栽培研究进展及展望[J].作物杂志,2022,38(6):14-5. |
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| 作者姓名： | 梅丽 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京市农业技术推广站，100029，北京 |
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| 基金项目： | 北京市科技转化与推广服务项目(2130106) |
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| 摘 要： | 藜麦营养全面，植株转色后花色艳丽，观赏期长达40d左右，且耐旱、耐寒，是一种集多功能为一体的新兴保健食粮。北京市自2015年引种藜麦，在适宜种植区、适宜品种筛选、营养品质检测、抗逆稳产栽培技术探索、菜品开发和技术示范等方面开展了大量工作。北京藜麦适应性栽培研究表明，藜麦在海拔≥300m、年均气温≤12.5℃、年均积温≤4802.0℃·d、年均光照强度≥2268.7lx的区域可正常成熟；“陇藜1号”、“陇藜3号”、“红藜1号”和“红藜2号”4个品种表现优良；藜麦米富含蛋白质，特别是“红藜1号”和“红藜2号”蛋白含量高达19.6%~20.0%；围绕栽培、农机、植保三大关键环节集成的藜麦抗逆稳产栽培技术体系在京郊示范应用面积为453.33hm2，应用率达100%；与一茬籽粒玉米相比，藜麦增收3.77万元/hm2。但区域发展不平衡、生产效率低和没有享受政策性农业保险等因素制约了藜麦在北京的持续健康发展。今后，应从加大政策和财政支持、提高藜麦机械化生产水平及建立健全相关标准制度等方面着手，做大做强北京藜麦产业，让藜麦的“小生产”能够在“大市场”中找到“微需求”，卖出好价钱。
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| 关 键 词： | 藜麦 品种 适应性 栽培技术 营养品质 效益 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-08-06 |
Research Progress and Development Prospect of Adaptive Cultivation of Quinoa in Beijing |
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| Mei Li.Research Progress and Development Prospect of Adaptive Cultivation of Quinoa in Beijing[J].Crops,2022,38(6):14-5. |
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| Authors: | Mei Li |
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| Institution: | Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 100029, China |
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| Abstract: | Quinoa is a new health food with comprehensive nutrition, with bright flower color and high drought and cold tolerance, the viewing period of which can continue more than 40 days after color conversion. Quinoa was introduced into Beijing in 2015, a lot of work had been done in suitable planting areas and suitable variety screening, nutritional quality detection, stress resistance and stable yield cultivation technology exploration, dish development, technology demonstration, etc. The study on adaptive cultivation of quinoa showed that quinoa could ripen normally in the region with altitude ≥300m, annual mean temperature ≤12.5°C, annual mean accumulated temperature ≤4802.0°C·d and annual mean light intensity ≥2268.7lx in Beijing. Four varieties (“Longli No.1”, “Longli No.3”, “Hongli No.1” and “Hongli No.2”) performed well. Quinoa rice had rich protein content, the protein content of “Hongli No.1” and “Hongli No.2” reached 19.6%-20.0%. The integrated cultivation techniques of resistance and stable yield of quinoa integrated around the three key links of cultivation, agricultural machinery and plant protection were applied in the suburb of Beijing for 453.33ha, and the application rate reached 100%. Compared with the crop of corn, quinoa increased income by 37 700 yuan/ha. However, the unbalanced regional development, low production efficiency, low degree of mechanization, and lack of policy-based agricultural insurance restrict the sustainable and healthy development of quinoa in Beijing. In the future, increasing policy and financial support, improving the mechanized production level of quinoa, and establishing and improving relevant standard systems should be made to expand and strengthen Beijing’s quinoa industry and make quinoa’s “small production” in “big market” to find “micro demand” and sell at a good price. |
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| Keywords: | Quinoa Variety Adaptability Cultivation techniques Nutritional quality Benefit |
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