Interaction of soil solarization and metham-sodium in the destruction of Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China;2. Shree Ramkrishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, India;3. GSFC AgroTech Ltd., Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd., Vadodara, India;4. ICGEB, New Delhi, India |
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| Abstract: | The effects of solarization, metham-sodium (12·5 or 25 ml/m2) and combined action of the two treatments (soil solarization plus metham-sodium) on the viability of Verticillium dahliae (VD) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) added to field soil were compared in two successive field experiments. In both experiments solarization combined with metham-sodium was more effective in destroying both pathogens as compared with solarization or metham-sodium alone. In the earlier experiment, when soil temperatures were higher, soil solarization and combined treatments were more effective in controlling VD and FOV than in the later experiment. The effect of metham-sodium on V. dahliae microsclerotia was studied in open and sealed containers incubated at 25° and 35°C. The fumigant dose required to kill 50% of the microsclerotia at 25°C was four times higher at 25°C than at 35°C. Toxicity of the chemical was similar in open and sealed containers. This and field experiment results suggest that the higher toxicity observed under plastic cover in the field is due to synergistic interaction between solarization and metham-sodium. Combined solarization and metham-sodium killed more propagules more quickly than solarization alone; these results suggested that the period over which effective solarization can be used is longer than previously thought and that the time needed to solarize the soil for control of these pathogens is less. |
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