| 不同降雨下旱地油菜节水节肥技术对土壤养分及酶活性的调控效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 冯军,石超,门胜男,Hafiz Athar Hussain,柯剑鸿,Linna Cholidah,陈锦芬,郭欣,武海燕,冉泰霖,向信华,王龙昌.不同降雨下旱地油菜节水节肥技术对土壤养分及酶活性的调控效应[J].草业学报,2020,29(4):51-62. |
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| 作者姓名： | 冯军 石超 门胜男 Hafiz Athar Hussain 柯剑鸿 Linna Cholidah 陈锦芬 郭欣 武海燕 冉泰霖 向信华 王龙昌 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西南大学农学与生物科技学院,南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心,三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆 400715; 2.四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所,四川 德阳 618000; 3.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京 100081; 4.重庆市农业科学院,重庆 400064; 5.云阳县农业委员会,重庆 404500 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503127)和国家自然科学基金项目(31271673,31700364,31871583)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探讨沟垄集雨、秸秆覆盖和减量缓释肥节水节肥技术对油菜生产土壤养分及酶活性的调控效应,在大田定位试验条件下,设置农民习惯栽培(平作+常规肥)、节水栽培Ⅰ(秸秆覆盖+常规肥)、节水栽培Ⅱ(沟垄集雨+常规肥)、节肥栽培(平作+减量缓释肥)、双节栽培Ⅰ(秸秆覆盖+减量缓释肥)和双节栽培Ⅱ(沟垄集雨+减量缓释肥)6种水肥措施,比较分析2016-2017 年(多雨年份)和2017-2018 年(季节性干旱年份)2种不同降水年型下油菜节水节肥技术对土壤养分及酶活性的影响。结果表明:降水异常偏多对油菜生长的影响大于季节性干旱;双节技术在多雨年型下较习惯栽培增产效应显著,在季节性干旱年型下亦能稳产;在不同降水年型下,双节技术较习惯栽培能提高土壤pH和有机质含量,减少了土壤氮素淋溶损失,保持速效养分稳定释放,同时,能延迟脲酶释放,增加土壤碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性,提高作物肥料利用效率及保持土壤肥力,更利于环境保护。综上,单一的节水或节肥技术无法满足西南旱地油菜生产需要。通过秸秆覆盖和沟垄集雨与缓释肥集成的双节技术,能适应不同降水年型下的油菜生产并兼顾环境效应,实现增产与环保的双赢目标。
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| 关 键 词： | 降水 油菜 节水节肥 秸秆覆盖 沟垄集雨 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-11-21 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-12-16 |
Effects of water and fertilizer saving techniques on soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities under two different seasons with contrasting rainfall patterns |
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| FENG Jun,SHI Chao,MEN Sheng-nan,Hafiz Athar Hussain,KE Jian-hong,Linna Cholidah,CHEN Jin-fen,GUO Xin,WU Hai-yan,RAN Tai-lin,XIANG Xin-hua,WANG Long-chang.Effects of water and fertilizer saving techniques on soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities under two different seasons with contrasting rainfall patterns[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2020,29(4):51-62. |
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| Authors: | FENG Jun SHI Chao MEN Sheng-nan Hafiz Athar Hussain KE Jian-hong Linna Cholidah CHEN Jin-fen GUO Xin WU Hai-yan RAN Tai-lin XIANG Xin-hua WANG Long-chang |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of water and fertilizer saving technologies on soil nutrient and enzyme activities in a rapeseed crop. Six cultivation treatments including local cultivation (CK), water-saving cultivation Ⅰ (straw mulching), water-saving cultivation Ⅱ (furrow and ridge rainwater harvesting), fertilizer-saving cultivation (slow release fertilizer), and water and fertilizer-saving cultivation Ⅰ (straw mulching+slow release fertilizer), and water and fertilizer-saving cultivation Ⅱ (furrow and ridge rainwater harvesting+slow release fertilizer) were included in the present study. The effects of water and fertilizer saving technologies on soil nutrients and enzyme activities of rapeseed in different growing seasons with contrasting precipitation patterns (2016-2017, a rainy year; and 2017-2018, a dry season) were compared and analyzed. It was found that the influence of raininess on rapeseed growth was greater than that of seasonal drought. Water and fertilizer-saving cultivation increased yield significantly in the wet growing season and didn’t reduce yield in the dry year. In both wet and dry growing seasons, water and fertilizer-saving cultivation improved soil pH and organic matter content, reduced soil nitrogen leaching loss, and maintained a steady release of available nutrients. Additional benefits were delayed urease release, increased soil alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and cellulase activities, improved fertilizer utilization efficiency and soil fertility retention, all of which are conducive to environmental protection. Water-saving or fertilizer-saving technology alone could not fully support rapeseed production in this experiment. In summary, the combined use of straw mulching, furrow and ridge rainwater harvesting and slow-release fertilizer technologies benefited rapeseed production both in wet and dry years, and reduced negative environmental effects of cropping, so as to achieve the win-win outcome of simultaneously increasing crop yield and environmental protection. |
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| Keywords: | precipitation rapeseed water and fertilizer saving straw mulch ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting soil nutrients soil enzyme activity |
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