| 行距对机采棉干物质积累及氮磷利用效率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 尔晨,林涛,张昊,田立文,崔建平,郭仁松,邓方宁,汤秋香.行距对机采棉干物质积累及氮磷利用效率的影响[J].棉花学报,2020,32(1):77-90. |
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| 作者姓名： | 尔晨 林涛 张昊 田立文 崔建平 郭仁松 邓方宁 汤秋香 |
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| 作者单位： | 新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程研究中心;新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所;农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;农业农村部农业环境重点实验室 |
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| 基金项目： | 新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2016B01001-2-1);新疆维吾尔自治区自然基金项目(2018D01A51);农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201703,25107020-201602);新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目(2017E0251);南京农业大学-新疆农业大学联合基金项目(KYYJ201802);新疆维吾尔自治区农业科技推广与服务项目;新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU20191012);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才人才培养项目;新疆农业大学作物学重点学科发展基金项目(XNCDKY2018026)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】新疆棉花生产的主要环节均已实现机械化,但采摘环节仍大量使用人工,农机农艺不协调是导致机收比例低的主要原因。优化机采棉行距配置是实现农机农艺融合的有效途径,因此本研究通过设置不同的机采棉行距,探究其对棉花产量形成及养分利用的影响,为机采棉行距配置的优化提供理论依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计,选择生产中最佳密度,在密度一致基础上,设置"一膜三行"(S1,平均行距76 cm)、"一膜四行"(S2,平均行距57 cm)、"一膜六行"(S3,平均行距38 cm)3种行距,其中S3处理为常规机采行距(CK),研究行距对棉花干物质积累、分配以及对产量形成及氮、磷养分吸收利用的影响。【结果】不同行距下棉花干物质的积累符合Logistic生长函数模型。2年均值表明随着平均行距的降低,单株干物质积累总量降低43.3%,干物质最大积累速率降低(1.4 g·株-1·d-1),快速积累期起始时间从出苗后51.4 d逐渐推迟至62.5 d,但快速积累持续时长从19.7 d增加至35.1 d。增加行距显著提高单株成铃(0.9个),对铃重及衣分无显著影响,籽棉及皮棉产量显著增加16.7%和17.4%。行距对植株养分积累与分配有显著的影响,S1处理氮积累总量(907.0 kg·hm-2)、磷积累总量(58.3 kg·hm-2)、吐絮期经济器官氮分配率和磷分配率(N 55.7%和P2O569.1%)、每100 kg皮棉氮素吸收量(32.1 kg)均最高;而S3处理氮积累总量(664.5 kg·hm-2)、磷积累总量(38.9 kg·hm-2)最低,S2处理吐絮期经济器官氮分配率和磷分配率(N 48.5%和P2O560.3%)、每100 kg皮棉氮素吸收量(28.6 kg)最低。【结论】综合来看,一膜三行下植株养分指标及产量均优于其他行距,更适宜作为高效机采的行距。
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| 关 键 词： | 行距 机采棉 干物质积累 氮分配率 磷分配率 氮利用效率 磷利用效率 |
Effects of Row Space on Dry Matter Accumulation,Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Machine-Harvested Cotton |
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| Er Chen,Lin Tao,Zhang Hao,Tian Liwen,Cui Jianping,Guo Rensong,Deng Fangning,Tang Qiuxiang.Effects of Row Space on Dry Matter Accumulation,Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Machine-Harvested Cotton[J].Cotton Science,2020,32(1):77-90. |
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| Authors: | Er Chen Lin Tao Zhang Hao Tian Liwen Cui Jianping Guo Rensong Deng Fangning Tang Qiuxiang |
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| Institution: | (Engineering Research Centre of Cotton of Ministry of Education/Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Industrial Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Cultivation in Desert Oasis Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China) |
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| Abstract: | Objective] Although the main practice steps of cotton production have been mechanized, nevertheless a large quantity of labor was still needed for cottons picking in Xinjiang. For the moment, the industry people commonly believe the agricultural machinery is uncoordinated with agronomy in the current planting pattern, and the main reason is that machine-harvested is in a relative low proportion for cotton. Optimizing row space is an effective way to achieve the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy for machine-harvested cotton. Here, a 2-year Field experiment was conducted during growth periods of 2017-2018 to determine: (i) the effects of row spacing on growth, dry matter accumulation, yield, nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency, and (ii) the influence of theoretical basis for optimization of machine-harvested cotton on responses of row space. Method] The random block design was adopted to select the best density in production practice. On the basis of common cotton plant density, three row spacing patterns were set: two tubes served three (S1, average row space 76 cm), four (S2 average row space 57 cm) and six (S3, average row space 38 cm, as control) rows of plants, respectively. The dry matter accumulation, dry matter distribution, yield components, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient uptake were measured. Result] The two-year mean value indicates that accumulation of dry matter with different row space patterns were consistent with the Logistic growth function model. Dry matter accumulation per plant decreased 43.3%, along with reduces in average row space, and highest dry matter accumulation rate gradually decreased with reducing average row space (1.4 g·plant－1·d－1). The initial time of the rapid accumulation period was from 51.4 d after emergence gradually delayed to 62.5 d. However, duration of maintenance of rapid accumulation period was from 19.7 d gradually increased to 35.1 d. The number of bolls per plant (0.9 bolls per plant) were significantly increased with increased of average row space, but the difference of boll weight and lint percent was not significant among all the treatments. With increased row space, the seed cotton yield and lint yield was increased by 16.7% and 17.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the nutritional status of cotton plant were significantly affected by different row space patterns. The highest value on indicators such as total nitrogen accumulation (907.0 kg·hm－2), total phosphorus accumulation (58.3 kg·hm－2), economic coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorus (N 55.7% and P2O5 69.1%) and nitrogen absorption per 100 kg of lint (32.1 kg) was observed in S1 treatment, respectively, in boll-opening stage. Meanwhile, the corresponding lowest value expressed as total nitrogen accumulation (664.5 kg·hm－2), total phosphorus accumulation (38.9 kg·hm-2) was measured in S3 treatment, nitrogen and phosphorus partition coefficient (N 48.5% and P2O5 60.3%), nitrogen uptake per 100 kg of lint (28.6 kg) was measured in S2 treatment, respectively, in boll-opening stage. Conclusion] Overall, this study demonstrates that the plant nutrient index and yield two tubes served three rows of plants was better than other row space patterns, therefore, which one was more suitable as a high-efficient row space patterns for machine-harvested cotton in Xinjiang. |
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| Keywords: | row space machine-harvested cotton accumulation of dry matter nitrogen partition coefficient phosphorus partition coefficient nitrogen use efficiency phosphorus use efficiency |
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