| 中国不同地区‘富士’苹果品质评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 匡立学,聂继云,李银萍,程杨,沈友明.中国不同地区‘富士’苹果品质评价[J].中国农业科学,2020,53(11):2253-2263. |
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| 作者姓名： | 匡立学 聂继云 李银萍 程杨 沈友明 |
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| 作者单位： | 1中国农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部果品质量安全风险评估实验室（兴城）/农业农村部果品及苗木质量监督检验测试中心（兴城）, 辽宁兴城 1251002青岛农业大学园艺学院/青岛市现代农业质量与安全工程重点实验室,山东青岛 266109 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-27);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP);国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP2018003);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610182019031) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】确定‘富士’苹果核心品质指标,建立‘富士’苹果品质综合评价模型。【方法】从河北、河南、辽宁、宁夏、山东、山西、陕西、新疆等8个苹果主产省（区）68个市（县）的代表性果园采集176份‘富士’苹果样品进行品质测定,共测定单果重、带皮硬度、去皮硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、山梨醇含量、葡萄糖含量、果糖含量、蔗糖含量、甜度、固酸比、糖酸比、甜酸比等15项指标。通过主成分分析和聚类分析法确定‘富士’苹果核心品质指标,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,采用灰色关联度法建立‘富士’苹果品质综合评价模型。【结果】不同产区间‘富士’苹果品质指标存在差异性,新疆‘富士’苹果硬度、维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、山梨醇含量、果糖含量、蔗糖含量、甜度值等8项品质指标均高于其他省（区）‘富士’苹果。维生素C含量、山梨醇含量、蔗糖含量和甜酸比的变异系数均大于30%,可溶性糖含量的变异系数最小（仅为9.8%）。‘富士’苹果某些品质指标间存在极显著的相关性,可滴定酸含量与固酸比、糖酸比之间相关系数分别为-0.844、-0.854,果糖和甜度值之间相关系数达0.963,固酸比与糖酸比之间相关系数为0.941。通过主成分分析和聚类分析,确定单果重（X1）、去皮硬度（X2）、可滴定酸含量（X3）、固酸比（X4）和果糖含量（X5）为‘富士’苹果核心品质指标。通过灰色关联度法建立了‘富士’苹果品质综合评价模型Y=0.2601X1+0.1378X2+0.0819X3+0.2601X4+0.2601X5。【结论】单果重、去皮硬度、可滴定酸含量、固酸比和果糖含量为‘富士’苹果核心品质指标,以其建立的评价模型可用于‘富士’苹果品质的综合评价。
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| 关 键 词： | ‘富士’苹果 主产区 品质评价 核心指标 评价模型 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-11-07 |
Quality Evaluation of ‘Fuji’ Apples Cultivated in Different Regions of China |
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| KUANG LiXue,NIE JiYun,LI YinPing,CHENG Yang,SHEN YouMing.Quality Evaluation of ‘Fuji’ Apples Cultivated in Different Regions of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2020,53(11):2253-2263. |
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| Authors: | KUANG LiXue NIE JiYun LI YinPing CHENG Yang SHEN YouMing |
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| Institution: | 1Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory of Risk Assessment on Fruit Quality and Safety (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning2College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agriculture University/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao 266109, Shandong |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】The aim of this study was to determine the key quality indexes of ‘Fuji’ apple and to establish the comprehensive evaluation model for ‘Fuji’ apple quality. 【Method】 One hundred and seventy six ‘Fuji’ apple samples were collected from orchards of 8 main ‘Fuji’ apple producing areas, including Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Xinjiang. Fifteen indexes were tested for each sample, including single fruit weight, fruit firmness with skin, fruit firmness without skin, total soluble solid, soluble sugar, titratable acidity, vitamin C, sorbitol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, sweetness value, the ratio of total soluble solid to titratable acidity (RTT), the ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acidity (RST), and the ratio of sweetness value to titratable acidity. The key quality indexes of ‘Fuji’ apple were identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). The index weight of each quality was estimated by analytic hierarchy process. And the comprehensive evaluation model was established by grey interconnect degree analysis (GIDA). 【Result】 There was a quality difference between ‘Fuji’ apples from different areas. The quality of ‘Fiji’ apple from Xinjiang was superior to those from other areas in indexes of fruit firmness, vitamin C, total soluble solid, soluble sugar, sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, and sweetness value. The variable coefficients of ‘Fuji’ apple quality indexes of vitamin C, sorbitol, sucrose, and sweetness value were all over 30%, and that of quality index of soluble sugar was the smallest one with 9.8%. There was significant correlation coefficient (R) between some ‘Fuji’ apple quality indexes, such as the correlation coefficient between titratable acidity and RTT (-0.844) or RST (-0.854), the correlation coefficient between fructose and sweetness value (0.963), and the correlation coefficient between RTT and RST (0.941). Five quality indexes of ‘Fuji’ apple were screened to be key indexes by PCA and CA, including fruit weight (X1), fruit firmness without skin (X2), titratable acidity (X3), RTT (X4) and fructose (X5). The comprehensive evaluation model for ‘Fuji’ apple quality was established by GIDA, which was Y=0.2601X1+0.1378X2+0.0819X3+0.2601X4+0.2601X5. 【Conclusion】 Fruit weight, fruit firmness without skin, titratable acidity, RTT and fructose were the key quality indexes of ‘Fuji’ apple, and the established comprehensive evaluation model was useful and valuable for the quality evaluation of ‘Fuji’ apple produced in main producing area in China. |
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| Keywords: | ‘Fuji’ apple main producing area quality evaluation key index comprehensive evaluation model |
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